{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:13:17Z","timestamp":1790871197383,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caused by an error in cell division that produces an additional chromosome 21, Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common developmental disorders in the world. This study aims to analyze the relationship between psychological capital, quality of life and well-being of caregivers of individuals with Down syndrome (DS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The participants were 98 caregivers (mothers,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 52.13,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11.39) of individuals with Down syndrome. The instruments used were the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (measuring self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope), Quality of Life Questionnaire (including social support, general satisfaction, physical\/psychological health, absence of excessive workload\/free time), and Psychological Wellbeing Scale, investigating the following dimensions: self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mediation analysis showed that self-efficacy, hope, and resilience are positively associated to quality of life, and optimism is positively associated to well-being. The total effects of psychological capital on well-being are positive and significant and quality of life mediates the relationship between psychological capital and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results show that psychological capital is an important inner resource for caregivers of DS individuals and must be improved through support services, so that caregivers have a higher perception of the quality of life and implicitly of well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1145104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T01:54:09Z","timestamp":1676944449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Psychological capital, quality of life, and well-being in mother caregivers of individuals with down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Chiracu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germina-Alina","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia Raluca","family":"Stepan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian Alexandru","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"Corlaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora Daniela Ciupeanu","family":"C\u0103lug\u0103ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Voinea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Z\u0103v\u0103leanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horia Alin","family":"Burileanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taina","family":"Avramescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12868","article-title":"Morbidity and medication in a large population of individuals with down syndrome compared to the general population","volume":"58","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Apopei PruteanuL.\n          2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000700010","article-title":"Caries in Portuguese children with down syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Areias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-006-9013-1","article-title":"The psychology of future-oriented thinking: from achievement to proactive coping, adaptation, and aging","volume":"29","author":"Aspinwall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Motiv. Emot."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.20294","article-title":"Psychological capital: a positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover","volume":"48","author":"Avey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Self-efficacy: the exercise of control","author":"Bandura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Freeman."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"167","article-title":"An agentic perspective on positive psychology","volume-title":"Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people","author":"Bandura","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.13.2.158","article-title":"Self-efficacy: the exercise of control","volume":"13","author":"Bandura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Psychother."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.52846\/jskm\/38.21.1.1","article-title":"Empowering, communication and motivation for people with intellectual disability in Colpbol sport practice","volume":"38","author":"Barbu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sport and Kinetic Movement"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61102","article-title":"Parents\u2019 perspective on having a child with down syndrome in France","volume":"179","author":"Bertrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2174\/1874350100902010049","article-title":"Quality of life questionnaire: psychometric properties and relationships to healthy behavioral patterns","volume":"2","author":"Boixad\u00f3s","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Psychol. J."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20","article-title":"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?","volume":"59","author":"Bonanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1605","article-title":"Health supervision for children with down syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Bull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"The quality of American life: Perceptions, Evaluations and Satisfactions","author":"Campbell","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.23925\/2176-901X.2015v18i3","article-title":"Family caregivers and the aging of the person with intellectual disabilities: implications to care [article in Portuguese]","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Revista Kair\u00f3s Gerontologia"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Handbook of positive psychology","author":"Carver","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.24.5.508","article-title":"Optimistic personality and psychosocial well-being during treatment predict psychosocial well-being among long-term survivors of breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Carver","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2018.1484937","article-title":"Hope, goals, and pathways: further validating the hope scale with observer ratings","volume":"14","author":"Cheavens","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"ChurchM. C.\n          2004"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.05.012","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment and caregiver burden: a 3-yearlongitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Connors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-114.4.254-268","article-title":"The down syndrome advantage: fact or fiction?","volume":"114","author":"Corrice","year":"2009","journal-title":"American J. Intellectual and Develop. Disab."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov","author":"Cosma","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"How to use SPSS: A step-by-step guide to analysis and interpretation","author":"Cronk","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020720","article-title":"Feeling good and doing great: the relationship between psychological capital and well-being","volume":"15","author":"Culbertson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37001","article-title":"Estimates of the live births, natural losses, and elective terminations with down syndrome in the United States","volume":"167","author":"de Graaf","year":"2015","journal-title":"American J. Medical Genetics-Part A"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289809596377","article-title":"LEIPAD: an internationally applicable instrument to assess quality of life in the elderly","volume":"24","author":"De Leo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444305159","volume-title":"Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth","author":"Diener","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu182","article-title":"Access to bridge employment: who finds and who does not find work after retirement?","volume":"56","author":"Dingemans","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.01.003","article-title":"Self-efficacy, goal orientations and learning strategies as mediators between preceding and subsequent academic achievement","volume":"21","author":"Diseth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/J148v12n01_04","article-title":"Paid and unpaid activities and retirement satisfaction among rural seniors","volume":"12","author":"Dorfman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physical & Occup. Therapy in Geriatrics"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440310001594501","article-title":"Perceived discrepancies and their resolution: quality of live in survivors of childhood cancer","volume":"19","author":"Eiser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2017.386","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital heart diseases in children with down syndrome in Mansoura, Egypt: a retrospective descriptive study","volume":"37","author":"El-Gilany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"2019"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315545899","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference","author":"George","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32932","article-title":"Etiology of down syndrome: evidence for consistent association among altered meiotic recombination, nondisjunction, and maternal age across populations","author":"Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"American J. Medical Genetics-Part A"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.74.1.14","article-title":"The effect of quality of the relationship between mothers and adult children with schizophrenia, autism, or down syndrome on maternal well-being: the mediating role of optimism","volume":"74","author":"Greenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PAID.2017.09.021","article-title":"Top-down or bottom-up? Prospective relations between general and domain-specific self-efficacy beliefs during a work-family transition","volume":"121","author":"Grether","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12124","article-title":"Quality of life and mental health among parents of children with cerebral palsy: the influence of self-efficacy and coping strategies","volume":"22","author":"Guillam\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhrm.v13i1.621","article-title":"Psychological capital, subjective well-being, burnout and job satisfaction amongst educators in the Umlazi region in South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"SA. Human Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-73722008000300009","article-title":"A fam\u00edlia no contexto da s\u00edndrome de Down: revisando a literatura","volume":"13","author":"Henn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psicol Estud"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"355","article-title":"Parenting children with mental retardation","volume-title":"Handbook of parenting","author":"Hodapp","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327922PAR0104_3","article-title":"Less stress, more rewarding: parenting children with down syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Hodapp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parent: Science & Practice"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2016.07.007","article-title":"Health and quality of life among the caregivers of children with disabilities: a review of literature","volume":"23","author":"Isa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12645","article-title":"Annual research review: quality of life and childhood mental and behavioural disorders - a critical review of the research","volume":"58","author":"Jonsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0259273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259273","article-title":"Relationship between psychological capital and quality of life among seniors working after retirement: the mediating role of hope of success","volume":"16","author":"Jurek","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000163","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 44-item version of Ryff\u2019s psychological well-being scale","volume":"30","author":"K\u00e1llay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.6.1007","article-title":"Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions","volume":"82","author":"Keyes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"501","article-title":"Resolving the quality of life\/well-being puzzle: toward a new model","volume":"3","author":"Langlois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Canadian J. Regional Science\/Revue"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"28","article-title":"Psychological capital: a new lens for understanding employee fit and attitudes","volume":"8","author":"Larson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Leadership Stud."},{"key":"ref50","author":"Larue","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217002630","article-title":"Caregiver burden, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in dementia caregivers: a comparison of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2307\/3090239","article-title":"Individual consequences of volunteer and paid work in old age: health and mortality","volume":"43","author":"Luoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/job.165","article-title":"The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior","volume":"23","author":"Luthans","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Organizat. Behav: In. J. Industrial, Occup. Organizat. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"241","article-title":"Authentic leadership: a positive development approach","volume-title":"Positive organizational scholarship","author":"Luthans","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Psychology capital","author":"Luthans","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324","article-title":"Psychological capital: an evidence-based positive approach","volume":"4","author":"Luthans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psych. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215824401559200","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244015592002","article-title":"Dispositional optimism as a correlate of decision-making styles in adolescence","volume":"5","author":"Magnano","year":"2015","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"75","article-title":"The Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, and Spanish, adaptation of the Makarowski\u2019s aggression questionnaire for martial arts athletes","volume":"17","author":"Makarowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Budo"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02277","article-title":"Relationship between psychological capital and psychological well-being of direct support staff of specialist autism services. The Mediator Role of Burnout","volume":"8","author":"Manzano-Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.23.6.599","article-title":"Is it beneficial to involve a family member? A meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for chronic illness","volume":"23","author":"Martire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-02896-5","article-title":"The caregiver health effects of caring for young children with developmental disabilities: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Masefield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Toward a psychology of being","author":"Maslow","year":"1968"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"74","article-title":"Resilience in development","volume-title":"Handbook of positive psychology","author":"Masten","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2017.0442","article-title":"Quality care for people with intellectual disability and advanced dementia: guidance on service provision","volume":"21","author":"McCarron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1300\/J002v06n01_02","article-title":"The family stress process: the double ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation","volume":"6","author":"McCubbin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Marriage Fam. Rev."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-016-0085-7","article-title":"Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of intellectual disabilities: current trends and issues","volume":"3","author":"McKenzie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Disord. Rep."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232000000100002","article-title":"Qualidade de vida e sa\u00fade: um debate necess\u00e1rio","volume":"5","author":"Minayo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cien. Saude Colet."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.10.097","article-title":"Present trends and future directions of quality-of-life","volume":"153","author":"Mohit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la calidad de vida. [Evaluation of the quality of life]","volume-title":"Manual de Evaluaci\u00f3n en Psicolog\u00eda cl\u00ednica y de la salud [Manual of Evaluation in Clinical Psychology and Health]","author":"Moreno","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00796.x","article-title":"Stress trajectories in mothers of young children with down syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Most","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-013-0050-4","article-title":"Quality of life in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: what is known about the effects of pharmacotherapy?","volume":"16","author":"Moyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. Drugs"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1002\/job.1916","article-title":"Psychological capital: a review and synthesis","volume":"35","author":"Newman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Occup. Behav."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.18662\/rrem\/21","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative in measuring quality of life in sports","volume":"10","author":"P\u0103unescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 pentru Educa\u0163ie Multidimensional\u0103 (RREM)"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.91.3.347","article-title":"Causal explanation as a risk factor in depression: theory and evidence","volume":"91","author":"Peterson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664540","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.664540","article-title":"Resilience and subjectively experienced stress among paramedics prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"23","article-title":"Aggression in martial arts coaches and sports performance with the COVID-19 pandemic in the background \u2013 a dual processing analysis","volume":"18","author":"Predoiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Budo"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.2698","article-title":"Psychological resources and strategies to cope with stress at work","volume":"10","author":"Rabenu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395190","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/395190","article-title":"Associations between parental anxiety\/depression and child behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorders: the roles of parenting stress and parentinf self-efficacy","volume":"2011","author":"Rezendes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autism Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"On becoming a person","author":"Rogers","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"RoslyD.\n            Abdul RashidA.\n          2013"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.141","article-title":"To be happy and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaemonic well-being","volume":"52","author":"Ryan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/016502548901200102","article-title":"Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: new directions in quest of successful aging","volume":"12","author":"Ryff","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.57.6.1069","article-title":"Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being","volume":"57","author":"Ryff","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.4.719","article-title":"The structure of psychological well-being revisited","volume":"69","author":"Ryff","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/0894845316633793","article-title":"Career adaptability, Hope, optimism, and life satisfaction in Italian and Swiss adolescents","volume":"44","author":"Santilli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Career Dev."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.3390\/su12135238","article-title":"Relationship between psychological capital and quality of life: the role of courage","volume":"12","author":"Santisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. For."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/10385-009","article-title":"Optimism, pessimism, and psychological well-being","volume-title":"Optimism & pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice","author":"Scheier","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-06-2013-0174","article-title":"Psychological capital: a new tool for driver retention","volume":"44","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.2002.2013.27","article-title":"The association of resilience with mental and physical health among older American Indians: the native elder care study","volume":"20","author":"Schure","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Indian Alsk. Native Ment. Health Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.74.2.187","article-title":"Accommodative coping and well-being of midlife parents of children with mental health problems or developmental disabilities","volume":"74","author":"Seltzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5681\/hpp.2011.009","article-title":"Approaches to recruiting \u2018Hard-to-Reach\u2019 populations into re-search: a review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Shaghaghi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Promot. Perspect."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1982.51.2.663","article-title":"The self-efficacy scale: construction and validation","volume":"51","author":"Sherer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1304_01","article-title":"Hope theory: rainbows in the mind","volume":"13","author":"Snyder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.70.2.321","article-title":"Development and validation of the state hope scale","volume":"70","author":"Snyder","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.2.240","article-title":"Self-efficacy and work-related performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Stajkovic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2007.01012.x","article-title":"Examining the down syndrome advantage: mothers and fathers of young children with disabilities","volume":"51","author":"Stoneman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"54","article-title":"The power of positive psychology: psychological capital and work engagement","volume-title":"Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research","author":"Sweetman","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610220000769","article-title":"An analysis of carer burden among family carers of people with and without dementia in Ireland","volume":"33","author":"Teahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref99","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0882-7974.4.4.393","article-title":"Longitudinal impact of interhousehold caregiving on adult children\u2019s mental health","volume":"4","author":"Townsend","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.08.015","article-title":"The role of hope in adaptation to uncertainty: the experience of caregivers of children with down syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Truitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.2.320","article-title":"Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences","volume":"86","author":"Tugade","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00009-4","article-title":"The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties","volume":"46","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79123-9","article-title":"The development of the WHO quality of life assessment instrument (the WHOQOL)","volume-title":"Quality of life assessment: International perspectives","author":"Orley","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref105","volume-title":"Early childhood development and disability: A discussion paper","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1688-z","article-title":"Parental perceptions of family centered care in medical homes of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities","volume":"19","author":"Zajicek-Farber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1145104\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T01:54:30Z","timestamp":1676944470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1145104\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1145104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1145104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"article-number":"1145104"}}