{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:32:33Z","timestamp":1788805953780,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research provided evidence that IPV myths affect women\u2019s acceptance of psychological aggression in intimate relationships, increasing revictimization. However, no study to date has investigated how endorsement of IPV myths leads victims of psychological IPV to accept psychological aggression. In the present study (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009207 young Italian women involved in heterosexual romantic relationships), we assessed acceptance of IPV myths, prevalence of psychological abuse (in the past 12\u2009months), perception of the problematic nature, and acceptance of psychological aggression in intimate relationships. Results showed that the effect of IPV myths on participants\u2019 acceptance of psychological aggression was mediated by the tendency to consider psychological aggression as unproblematic. Notably, this effect was significant only for women who had experienced some form of psychological abuse by an intimate partner in the past 12\u2009months. These findings have relevant implications for prevention strategies about risks of revictimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1228822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T06:45:12Z","timestamp":1696574712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Psychological abuse is not a problem! Exploring the role of domestic violence myths in psychological revictimization"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Cinquegrana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Galdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Feminist-based interventions for battering men","volume-title":"Therapeutic interventions with batterers: Theory and practice","author":"Adams","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508325496","article-title":"Gender symmetry, sexism, and intimate partner violence","volume":"24","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518777006","article-title":"Latina and Caribbean immigrant women\u2019s experiences with intimate partner violence: a story of ambivalent sexism","volume":"36","author":"Alvarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220935203","article-title":"The decision to leave the abusive partner by women survivors of intimate partner violence and risk of further revictimization: the role of gratitude and risk perception","volume":"27","author":"Baldry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/police\/paw037","article-title":"Victim\u2019s perception of quality of help and support by the police issuing warnings orders in ex intimate partner stalking cases in Italy","volume":"10","author":"Baldry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Policing"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.23.5.617","article-title":"Patterns of abuse in male same-sex relationships","volume":"23","author":"Bartholomew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"11","article-title":"Feminist perspectives on wife abuse: an introduction","volume-title":"Feminist perspectives on wife abuse","author":"Bograd","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611420445","article-title":"Sexism and gender inequality across 57 societies","volume":"22","author":"Brandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12572","article-title":"Is gender important? Victimisation and perpetration of intimate partner violence in mainland China","volume":"27","author":"Breckenridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Soc. Care Community"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1080\/10439463.2020.1862838","article-title":"Policing a new domestic abuse crime: effects of force-wide training on arrests for coercive control","volume":"31","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polic. Soc."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.90.3.496","article-title":"Motivational biases in the attribution of responsibility for an accident: a meta-analysis of the defensive-attribution hypothesis","volume":"90","author":"Burger","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.38.2.217","article-title":"Cultural myths and support for rape","volume":"38","author":"Burt","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.11.1.22","article-title":"Temporal associations between psychological and physical intimate partner violence: a cross-lag analysis","volume":"11","author":"Cadely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Partn. Abus."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.3.2.231","article-title":"A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence","volume":"3","author":"Capaldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Partn. Abus."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407507087957","article-title":"You can degrade but you can\u2019t hit: differences in perceptions of psychological versus physical aggression","volume":"25","author":"Capezza","year":"","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relat."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-008-9488-1","article-title":"Why do people blame victims of abuse? The role of stereotypes of women on perceptions of blame","volume":"59","author":"Capezza","year":"","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14201\/alh2019835974","article-title":"Sexismo, amor rom\u00e1ntico y desigualdad de g\u00e9nero. Un estudio de adolescentes latinoamericanos residentes en Espa\u00f1a","volume":"83","author":"Carbonell Marqu\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am\u00e9. Latin. Hoy"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.3.3.286","article-title":"Prevalence of partner abuse: rates of emotional abuse and control","volume":"3","author":"Carney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Partn. Abus."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-18-00053","article-title":"Correlates of persistent victimization by romantic partners: a short-term prospective study","volume":"34","author":"Cascardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR-08-2016-0243","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and bystanders\u2019 helping behaviour: an experimental study","volume":"10","author":"Cinquegrana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Aggress. Confl. Peace Res."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.922814","article-title":"From endorsement of ambivalent sexism to psychological IPV victimization: the role of attitudes supportive of IPV, legitimating myths of IPV, and acceptance of psychological aggression","volume":"13","author":"Cinquegrana","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1482\/104806","article-title":"The psychological side of intimate partner violence: a preliminary study on the psycho-physiological correlates in victims women","volume":"17","author":"Cinquegrana","year":"","journal-title":"Psicol. Soc."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/MHSI-05-2023-0057","article-title":"Does perpetrator gender influence attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV)? Examining the relationship between male-perpetrated and female-perpetrated IPV attitudes among a sample of UK young adults","author":"Conroy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ment. Health Soc. Incl."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2006.09.006","article-title":"Primary and secondary prevention programs for dating violence: a review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Cornelius","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.06.001","article-title":"Longitudinal predictors of domestic violence perpetration and victimization: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063217691966","article-title":"Psychosocial correlates of attitudes towards male sexual violence in a sample of property crime, financial crime, general violent, and homicide offenders","volume":"30","author":"Debowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex. Abus."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1108\/JCS-12-2018-0029","article-title":"The none in three victim responsiveness assessment (Ni3: VRA): a new outcome measure for intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention programmes","volume":"14","author":"Debowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Child. Serv."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-010-9307-7","article-title":"Does context matter in determining psychological abuse? Effects of pattern, harm, relationship, and norms","volume":"25","author":"DeHart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2307\/3096914","article-title":"The myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence","volume":"39","author":"Dobash","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/11199s-005-8295-1","article-title":"The influence of gender role stereotypes, the woman's race, and level of provocation and resistance on domestic violence culpability attributions","volume":"53","author":"Esqueda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref31","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref32","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref33","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-020-09755-z","article-title":"Rape myth acceptance: gender and cross-national comparisons across the United States, South Africa, Ghana, and Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"Fakunmoju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexual. Cult."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9159","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260523116","article-title":"Evidence of gender asymmetry in intimate partner violence experience at the population-level","volume":"38","author":"Fanslow","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.11.047","article-title":"A comparison of abused and non-abused women\u2019s definitions of domestic violence and attitudes to acceptance of male dominance","volume":"122","author":"Faramarzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstetrics Gynecol. Reproduct. Biol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2016.11.004","article-title":"Systematic reviews of explanatory risk factors for violence, offending, and delinquency","volume":"33","author":"Farrington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.22.3.429","article-title":"Associations of substance use problems with intimate partner violence for at-risk men in long-term relationships","volume":"22","author":"Feingold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-01331-w","article-title":"Psychometric properties on a romantic love myths scale: the case of the myths, fallacies and erroneous beliefs about the ideal of romantic love scale","volume":"42","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2018.206","article-title":"Beliefs and attitudes about intimate partner violence against women in Spain","volume":"31","author":"Ferrer P\u00e9rez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Finke","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-020-00178-w","article-title":"Predicting police endorsement of myths surrounding intimate partner violence","volume":"36","author":"Fleming","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801215584070","article-title":"Validity and psychometric properties of the measure of psychologically abusive behaviors among young women and women in distressed relationships","volume":"21","author":"Follingstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00978514","article-title":"The role of emotional abuse in physically abusive relationships","volume":"5","author":"Follingstad","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2017.1304477","article-title":"Tolerance and perception of abuse in youth dating relationships","volume":"26","author":"Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Aggress. Maltreat. Trauma"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.03012","article-title":"Effectiveness of a prevention program for gender-based intimate partner violence at a Colombian primary school","volume":"10","author":"Garz\u00f3n Segura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Feminist perspectives in criminology","author":"Gelsthorpe","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216666724","article-title":"Adaptation of the domestic violence myth acceptance scale to Portuguese and tests of its convergent, divergent, and predictive validities","volume":"23","author":"Giger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-6402.t01-1-00068","article-title":"Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Glick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Women Q."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-019-00063-1","article-title":"\u201cLike I\u2019m invisible\u201d: IPV survivor-mothers\u2019 perceptions of seeking child custody through the family court system","volume":"35","author":"Gutowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.16.3.269","article-title":"Abused women or abused men? An examination of the context and outcomes of dating violence","volume":"16","author":"Harned","year":"2001","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0038-4941.2005.00313.x","article-title":"The interaction of country of origin, acculturation, and gender role ideology on wife abuse","volume":"86","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional Process analysis third edition: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801298004003002","article-title":"Violence against women: an integrated, ecological framework","volume":"4","author":"Heise","year":"1998","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100377","article-title":"Measuring psychological abuse by intimate partners: constructing a cross-cultural indicator for the sustainable development goals","volume":"9","author":"Heise","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085107301836","article-title":"An empirical test of feminist theory and research: the effect of heterogeneous gender-role attitudes on perceptions of intimate partner violence","volume":"2","author":"Herzog","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fem. Criminol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00752.x","article-title":"Reported incidence rates of work-related sexual harassment in the United States: using meta-analysis to explain reported rate disparities","volume":"56","author":"Ilies","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5093\/ejpalc2018a1","article-title":"Are generalist batterers different from generally extra-family violent men? A study among imprisoned male violent offenders","volume":"10","author":"Juarros Basterretxea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Appl. Legal Context"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0276025","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.09.29.22280502","article-title":"Effect of justification of wife-beating on experiences of intimate partner violence among men and women in Uganda: a propensity-score matched analysis of the 2016 demographic health survey data","volume":"18","author":"Kadengye","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1036765","article-title":"Navigating the gender minefield: an IPV prevention campaign sheds light on the gender gap","volume":"11","author":"Keller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Public Health"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504269679","article-title":"What is violence against women defining and measuring the problem","volume":"19","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.2015.1035073","article-title":"Intimate partner violence among Asian Indian women in the United States: recognition of abuse and help-seeking attitudes","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Perceptions of intimate partner violence among university students: situational and gender variables","volume-title":"Forum on Public Policy Online","author":"Larsen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-017-0821-4","article-title":"\u201cOne doesn\u2019t slap a girl but\u2026\u201d social representations and conditional logics in legitimization of intimate partner violence","volume":"78","author":"Lelaurain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/0886109918806273","article-title":"French validation of the domestic violence myth acceptance scale (DVMAS)","volume":"34","author":"Lelaurain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Affilia"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0448-5","volume-title":"The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion","author":"Lerner","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024304","article-title":"Reactions to suffering of others under conditions of indirect responsibility","volume":"5","author":"Lerner","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12010034","article-title":"Intimate partner rape: a review of six Core myths surrounding Women\u2019s conduct and the consequences of intimate partner rape","volume":"12","author":"Lilley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/13511610.2017.1326304","article-title":"Psychological abuse in Spanish same-sex couples: prevalence and relationship between victims and perpetrators","volume":"31","author":"Longares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innov. Eur. J. Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.68.4.704","article-title":"Attitudinal antecedents of rape myth acceptance: a theoretical and empirical reexamination","volume":"68","author":"Lonsway","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Factores de riesgo y de protecci\u00f3n en la prevenci\u00f3n contra la violencia de g\u00e9nero en la pareja. Un estudio de investigaci\u00f3n en la poblaci\u00f3n adolescente de Andaluc\u00eda","author":"Luz\u00f3n","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315807010-12","article-title":"Physical and psychological abuse","volume-title":"The dark side of interpersonal communication","author":"Marshall","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02333424","article-title":"Psychological abuse of women: six distinct clusters","volume":"11","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.69","article-title":"Effects of men\u2019s subtle and overt psychological abuse on low-income women","volume":"14","author":"Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838011426015","article-title":"When can I help? A conceptual framework for the prevention of sexual violence through bystander intervention","volume":"13","author":"McMahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3935\/rsp.v18i1.947","article-title":"Domestic violence against women in Slovenia: a public problem?","volume":"18","author":"Medari\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revija Soc. Polit."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684317742638","article-title":"The acceptance of myths about intimate partner violence against women (AMIVAW) scale: development and validation in Spanish and English","volume":"42","author":"Meg\u00edas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Women Q."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503257457","article-title":"The expect respect project: creating a positive elementary school climate","volume":"18","author":"Meraviglia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"Masculinities and crime: Critique and reconceptualization of theory","author":"Messerschmidt","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref80","volume-title":"Sexual politics","author":"Millet","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514554287","article-title":"Sociocultural and victimization factors that impact attitudes toward intimate partner violence among Kenyan women","volume":"30","author":"Mugoya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1332\/239868017X14896674831496","article-title":"Measuring domestic violence: context is everything","volume":"1","author":"Myhill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gender Based Violence"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315264905","volume-title":"Domestic violence: The five big questions","author":"Natarajan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.26417\/957yvq82c","article-title":"Acceptance of violence and its concomitants among students from three types of schools in Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"Nazar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Interdiscip. Stud.0"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4119\/ijcv-3023","article-title":"College students\u2019 perceptions of intimate partner violence: a comparative study of Japan, China, and the United States","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Confl. Violence"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.3","article-title":"Psychological abuse: a variable deserving critical attention in domestic violence","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"1999","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3203_01","article-title":"A dyadic longitudinal model of adolescent dating aggression","volume":"32","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518760611","article-title":"Legitimizing intimate partner violence: moral evaluations, attribution of responsibility, and (reduced) helping intentions","volume":"36","author":"Pagliaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-016-0668-0","article-title":"The dark side of heterosexual romance: endorsement of romantic beliefs relates to intimate partner violence","volume":"76","author":"Papp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref90","author":"Peters","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10926770801917780","article-title":"Measuring myths about domestic violence: development and initial validation of the domestic violence myth acceptance scale","volume":"16","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Aggress. Maltreat. Trauma"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12025","article-title":"Why abused women do not seek professional help: a qualitative study","volume":"28","author":"Prosman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Caring Sci."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085112461084","article-title":"Secondary victimization of abused mothers by family court mediators","volume":"7","author":"Rivera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fem. Criminol."},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"55","article-title":"Labeling dating abuse: undetected abuse among Spanish adolescents and young adults","volume":"12","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Franco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref95","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.5.1.83","article-title":"The predictive utility of psychological aggression for intimate partner violence","volume":"5","author":"Salis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Partn. Abus."},{"key":"ref97","author":"Saltzman","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030601","article-title":"The role of dominance, cyber aggression perpetration, and gender on emerging adults' perpetration of intimate partner violence","volume":"3","author":"Schnurr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Violence"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028777","article-title":"Defensive attribution: effects of severity and relevance on the responsibility assigned for an accident","volume":"14","author":"Shaver","year":"","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(70)90078-8","article-title":"Redress and conscientiousness in the attribution of responsibility for accidents","volume":"6","author":"Shaver","year":"","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000156","article-title":"Mental health factors and intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Spencer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Violence"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.43.5.647","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and domestic violence myths: a comparison of women with and without alcoholic husbands (a study from India)","volume":"43","author":"Stanley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13030194","article-title":"An attempt to conceptualize the phenomenon of stigma toward intimate partner violence survivors: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Taccini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1177\/107780102400447096","article-title":"Social construction of women as legitimate victims of violence in Chinese societies","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514564070","article-title":"A national descriptive portrait of adolescent relationship abuse: results from the National Survey on teen relationships and intimate violence","volume":"31","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-7143-7","article-title":"Community-based norms about intimate partner violence: putting attributions of fault and responsibility into context","volume":"53","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.08.040","article-title":"Women's substance use and experiences of intimate partner violence: a longitudinal investigation among a community sample","volume":"28","author":"Testa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref108","volume-title":"The role of arousal in defensive attribution of responsibility to a victim","author":"Thornton","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.4.721","article-title":"Defensive attribution of responsibility: evidence for an arousal-based motivational bias","volume":"46","author":"Thornton","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(86)90034-X","article-title":"Physiological evidence of an arousal-based motivational bias in the defensive attribution of responsibility","volume":"22","author":"Thornton","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP48","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520914558","article-title":"Perceptions of dating violence: assessment and antecedents","volume":"37","author":"Toplu-Demirta\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022733","article-title":"Assignment of responsibility for an accident","volume":"3","author":"Walster","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012447699","article-title":"Public justification of intimate partner violence: a review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Waltermaurer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref114","volume-title":"The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 findings on victimization by sexual orientation","author":"Walters","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118303092.ch36","article-title":"Intimate partner violence in LGBT communities","volume-title":"The Wiley handbook on the psychology of violence","author":"Walters","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.4.2.175","article-title":"Effectiveness of primary prevention efforts for intimate partner violence","volume":"4","author":"Whitaker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Partn. Abus."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP12453","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260521997945","article-title":"Attribution theory, bystander effect and willingness to intervene in intimate partner violence","volume":"37","author":"Wijaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-013-0278-z","article-title":"From a static to a dynamic approach to the study of partner violence","volume":"69","author":"Winstok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2006.25.6.647","article-title":"Blame for intimate partner violence: an attributional analysis","volume":"25","author":"Witte","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref120","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref121","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref122","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref123","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801209340758","article-title":"The functions of gender role traditionality, ambivalent sexism, injury, and frequency of assault on domestic violence perception: a study between Japanese and American college students","volume":"15","author":"Yamawaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2018.05.002","article-title":"A systematic review of the association between rape myth acceptance and male-on-female sexual violence","volume":"41","author":"Yapp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1228822\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T06:45:27Z","timestamp":1696574727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1228822\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1228822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1228822","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"article-number":"1228822"}}