{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:24:40Z","timestamp":1753892680242,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In brief therapy (BT), aphorisms (As) have been considered a privileged element in therapeutic language. With a handful of words, they arouse emotions and different perspectives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Theoretical proposal<\/jats:title><jats:p>In As, a specific structure\u2014the implicit and explicit symmetry of opposites (SoO)\u2014allows a surprise effect, which in turn allows a therapeutic effect. Therefore, a carefully selected SoO (based on psychological complementaries) underlies the desired therapeutic reframing, which can be identified as a core goal of the psychotherapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research question<\/jats:title><jats:p>Is it possible to identify As with therapeutic value in treating paranoid personality disorder (PPD) and high paranoid ideation (hPI) cases?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Starting from an initial collection of 369 original As created on the spot in 2,335 BT sessions, As used during on-line psychotherapy on 55 patients with PPD and\/or an hPI measured with the SCL-90-R were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-three As were selected and organised according to effective and ineffective strategies, the target of the BT intervention for PPD and hPI cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1278721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T04:13:02Z","timestamp":1705378382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic aphorisms for paranoid personality disorder and paranoid ideation treatment: psychological opposites and complementaries in brief therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Paoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"15","article-title":"L\u2019aforisma come forma filosofica","volume-title":"La brevit\u00e0 felice. 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