{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T21:22:40Z","timestamp":1782336160323,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Worldwide, more than eight million people die each year as a result of tobacco use. A large proportion of smokers who want to quit are interested in alternative smoking cessation methods, of which hypnotherapy is the most popular. However, the efficacy of hypnotherapy as a tobacco cessation intervention cannot be considered sufficiently proven due to significant methodological limitations in the studies available to date. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a hypnotherapeutic group program for smoking cessation with that of an established cognitive-behavioral group program in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 360 smokers who were willing to quit were randomly assigned to either hypnotherapy (HT) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) at two study sites, without regard to treatment preference. They each underwent a 6\u2009weeks smoking cessation course (one 90\u2009min group session per week) and were followed up at regular intervals over a 12\u2009months period. The primary outcome variable was defined as continuous abstinence from smoking according to the Russell standard, verified by a carbon monoxide measurement at three measurement time points. Secondary outcome variables were 7\u2009days point prevalence abstinence during the 12\u2009months follow up and the number of cigarettes the non-quitters smoked per smoking day (smoking intensity). Generalized estimating equations were used to test treatment condition, hypnotic suggestibility, and treatment expectancy as predictors of abstinence. The two interventions did not differ significantly in the proportion of participants who remained continuously abstinent throughout the follow-up period (CBT: 15.6%, HT: 15.0%) and also regarding the 7\u2009days abstinence rates during the 12\u2009months follow-up (CBT: 21.2%, HT: 16.7%). However, when controlling for hypnotic suggestibility, CBT showed significantly higher 7\u2009days abstinence rates. In terms of the continuous abstinence rates, it can be concluded that the efficacy of hypnotherapeutic methods for smoking cessation seem to be comparable to established programs such as CBT.<\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier NCT01129999.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T13:10:25Z","timestamp":1709039425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anil","family":"Batra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Eck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Riegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Fuhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Torchalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"T\u00f6nnies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001008","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001008","article-title":"Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation","volume":"2","author":"Abbot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Db. Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02996.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions for abstinent smokers","volume":"105","author":"Agboola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.15.3.261","article-title":"Short- and long-term smoking cessation for three levels of intensity of behavioral treatment","volume":"15","author":"Alterman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref4","author":"Armstrong","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001008","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001008.pub2","article-title":"Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation","volume":"10","author":"Barnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Db. Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001008","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001008.pub3","article-title":"Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation","volume":"2019","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Db. Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"364","article-title":"Verhaltenstherapeutische Raucherentw\u00f6hnung in Arztpraxen [behavioral smoking cessation therapy in medical practices]","volume":"15","author":"Batra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Verhalt.mod. Verhalt.med."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17433\/978-3-17-026572-1","volume-title":"Tabakabh\u00e4ngigkeit. Ein Leitfaden f\u00fcr Therapeuten [Tobacco dependence: A manual for therapists]","author":"Batra","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Nichtrauchen! Erfolgreich aussteigen in sechs Schritten","author":"Batra","year":""},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"417","article-title":"The follow-up smoking questionnaire","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie: Band 4: Materialien f\u00fcr die Psychotherapie","author":"Batra","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.08.003","article-title":"A cluster randomized trial of smoking cessation tailored to multidimensional smoker profiles","volume":"38","author":"Batra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2007.08.006","article-title":"Multidimensional smoker profiles and their prediction of smoking following a pharmacobehavioral intervention","volume":"35","author":"Batra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1159\/000525265","article-title":"S3 guideline \u201csmoking and tobacco dependence: screening, diagnosis, and treatment\u201d \u2013 short version","volume":"28","author":"Batra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Addict. Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00207148508406643","article-title":"German norms for the Harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility, form a","volume":"33","author":"Bongartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e068198","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068198","article-title":"Motivation to stop smoking in the German population between 2016\u20132021 and associated factors: results from a repeated cross-sectional representative population survey (German study on Tobacco use, DEBRA study)","volume":"13","author":"Borchardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802023833","article-title":"Hypnosis for smoking cessation: a randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Carmody","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2016.1261678","article-title":"Hypnosis for smoking relapse prevention: a randomized trial","volume":"60","author":"Carmody","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hyp."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2001.65.4.tb03404.x","article-title":"Hypnosis, behavioral theory, and smoking cessation","volume":"65","author":"Covino","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38142.554479.AE","article-title":"Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years\u2019 observations on male British doctors","volume":"328","author":"Doll","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113261","article-title":"Randomization by cluster: sample size requirements and analysis","volume":"114","author":"Donner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.9.1166","article-title":"Smoking cessation approaches for persons with mental illness or addictive disorders","volume":"53","author":"El-Guebaly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/00207140701338621","article-title":"Hypnotherapy for the management of chronic pain","volume":"55","author":"Elkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/00207140600689512","article-title":"Intensive hypnotherapy for smoking cessation: a prospective study","volume":"54","author":"Elkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1076\/iceh.52.1.73.23921","article-title":"Clinical hypnosis for smoking cessation: preliminary results of a three-session intervention","volume":"52","author":"Elkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update","author":"Fiore","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/ch.277","article-title":"On the efficacy of hypnosis: a meta-analytic study","volume":"20","author":"Flammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cont. Hyp."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/00207148708416056","article-title":"Significant developments in clinical hypnosis during the past 25 years","volume":"35","author":"Fromm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30819-X","article-title":"Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"389","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2337","volume-title":"Lancet","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"67","article-title":"Hypnotherapeutische Raucherentw\u00f6hnung. Was macht sie effektiv?","volume":"14","author":"Gerl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypnose und Kognition"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54577-1_28","article-title":"Rauchen","volume-title":"Hypnose in Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizin","author":"Gerl","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05615.x","article-title":"Hypnotherapy in irritable bowel syndrome: a large-scale audit of a clinical service with examination of factors influencing responsiveness","volume":"97","author":"Gonsalkorale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Generalized estimating equations","author":"Hardin","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD013229","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013229.pub2","article-title":"Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Hartmann-Boyce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Db. Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.12.012","article-title":"Hypnotherapy is more effective than nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Hasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstr\u00f6m tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brit. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017632","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation: a preliminary study of its effectiveness in comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy","volume":"23","author":"Hernandez-Lopez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.4.303","article-title":"Patient preference randomised controlled trials in mental health research","volume":"188","author":"Howard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brit. J. Psychiat."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(86)90014-6","article-title":"Treatment effectiveness of hypnosis and behaviour therapy in smoking cessation: a methodological refinement","volume":"11","author":"Hyman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"5","article-title":"Treatment of patients with substance use disorders","volume":"163","author":"Kleber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"61","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation","volume":"22","author":"Lambe","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-6-200403160-00009","article-title":"Individualizing nicotine replacement therapy for the treatment of tobacco dependence: a randomized trial","volume":"140","author":"Lerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06593-w","article-title":"Smoking cessation patterns, usefulness of quitting methods, and tobacco cessation motivators and barriers to quit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Lopez-Olivo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2021.1877105","article-title":"Comparison of withdrawal symptom intensity between hypnosis and nicotine-replacement-therapies: a pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Lourmi\u00e8re","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hyp."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2010.10401717","article-title":"Hypnosis and smoking cessation: the state of the science","volume":"52","author":"Lynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hyp."},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"17","article-title":"Hypnotic suggestibility, psychopathology, and treatment outcome","volume":"5","author":"Lynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep and Hypnosis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty268","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of group-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"McClure","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879898","article-title":"Response expectancies, treatment credibility, and hypnotic suggestibility: mediator and moderator effects in hypnotic and cognitive-behavioral pain interventions","volume":"33","author":"Milling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2011.570656","article-title":"The impact of hypnotic suggestibility in clinical care settings","volume":"59","author":"Montgomery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284692","article-title":"Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980\u20132012","volume":"311","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.03.004","article-title":"Hypnotic suggestion and cognitive neuroscience","volume":"13","author":"Oakley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1419-7","article-title":"Smoking cessation in severe mental ill health: what works? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Peckham","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4_suppl_1.169s","article-title":"New developments in smoking cessation","volume":"117","author":"Prochazka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(84)90053-4","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing smoking cessation programs utilizing behaviour modification, health education or hypnosis","volume":"9","author":"Rabkin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760191117","article-title":"Hypnosis modulates activity in brain structures involved in the regulation of consciousness","volume":"14","author":"Rainville","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Neurosc."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2021.1877549","article-title":"Clinical hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive behavior therapy: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Ramondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5_suppl_2.360S","article-title":"Smoking cessation","volume":"117","author":"Rennard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2013.753824","article-title":"Hypnosis for smoking cessation: group and individual treatment \u2013 a free choice study","volume":"61","author":"Riegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.08.004","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of relapse prevention and a standard behavioral intervention with adult smokers","volume":"31","author":"Schr\u00f6ter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Deutsche Version des Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND-G) und des Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI-G)","volume-title":"Elektronisches Handbuch zu Erhebungsinstrumenten im Suchtbereich (EHES). Version 3.00","author":"Schumann","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Vom blauen Dunst zum frischen Wind","volume-title":"Hypnotherapeutische Raucherentw\u00f6hnung in 5 Sitzungen. Das T\u00fcbinger Programm","author":"Schweizer","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"33","article-title":"Raucher-Entw\u00f6hnung mit Hypnotherapie: Langzeit-Katamnese zur Wirksamkeit","volume":"3","author":"Schweizer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypnose \u2013 Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Hypnose und Hypnotherapie"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/00207146308409226","article-title":"Norms on the Harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility, form a","volume":"11","author":"Shor","year":"1963","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200601004109","article-title":"Complementary treatments for tobacco cessation: a survey","volume":"8","author":"Sood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001007","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001007.pub3","article-title":"Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation","volume":"3","author":"Stead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008286","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008286.pub3","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation","volume":"2016","author":"Stead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref69","author":"Sucht","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.09.028","article-title":"Alternative smoking cessation aids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"125","author":"Tahiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-2","article-title":"The relationship between smokers' motivation to quit and intensity of tobacco control at the population level: a comparison of five European countries","volume":"8","author":"Thyrian","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h4065","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4065","article-title":"Smoking cessation and reduction in people with chronic mental illness","volume":"351","author":"Tidey","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(95)00033-x","article-title":"Smoking cessation in pregnancy: the effect of hypnosis in a randomized study","volume":"21","author":"Valbo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2022.2049446","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of hypnosis: when to use hypnosis and when not to use","volume":"41","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Austr. J. Clin. Exp. Hyp."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00995.x","article-title":"Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for a common standard","volume":"100","author":"West","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(88)90014-7","article-title":"Use of single session hypnosis for smoking cessation","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"1481","article-title":"Bekanntmachungen: Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Psychotherapie nach \u00a7 11 PsychThG \u2013 Gutachten zur wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung der Hypnotherapie [Expertise about the scientific approval of hypnotherapy]","volume":"103","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.328","article-title":"Smoking cessation in primary care \u2013 a randomized controlled trial of bupropione, nicotine replacements, CBT and a minimal intervention","volume":"20","author":"Wittchen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Meth. Psych. Res."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2005.00042.x","article-title":"Guided health imagery for smoking cessation and long-term abstinence","volume":"37","author":"Wynd","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Scholarship."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2010.10401713","article-title":"An open letter to the editor of the ASCH journal","volume":"52","author":"Yager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hyp."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330362\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T13:10:37Z","timestamp":1709039437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330362\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330362","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"article-number":"1330362"}}