{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T11:29:48Z","timestamp":1770550188500,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self-Determination Theory (SDT) examines human motivation in multiple domains; however, the only existing measure assessing SDT-informed behavioral regulations for drinking focuses on responsible drinker behaviors, rather than drinking <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>, which is important given the alignment between SDT and harm reduction approaches to alcohol use. The aim of this study was to test the structural validity of the SDT-informed Comprehensive Relative Autonomy Index for Drinking (CRAI-Drinking) among college students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included two convenience samples with a total of 630 adult drinkers (M<jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub> = 21.5, 55% female, 88% undergraduates). Participants rated drinking behavioral regulations on the 24 original CRAI-Drinking items on a 5-point Likert Scale. Multi-dimensional scaling analyses and factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying autonomy continuum and factor structure of the CRAI-Drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Sample 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 274), multi-dimensional scaling analyses confirmed that CRAI-Drinking item and subscale order aligned with SDT's autonomy continuum. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a five factor, 19-item model of the CRAI-Drinking with factors for intrinsic, identified, positive introjected, external, and amotivation regulations (Cronbach's \u03b1: 0.68\u20130.85). In Sample 2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 356), a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the 19-item model fit was comparable to Sample 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence for the structural validity of CRAI-Drinking scores for assessing SDT-based behavioral regulations for drinking in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1354545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T06:23:12Z","timestamp":1736317392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing self-determined motivation for drinking alcohol via the Comprehensive Relative Autonomy Index for Drinking"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jimikaye Beck","family":"Courtney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.03.016","article-title":"Drinking motives as mediators of the impulsivity-substance use relation: pathways for negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking","volume":"37","author":"Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict. 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