{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:01:40Z","timestamp":1787313700667,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual victimization (SV) is common among college women, with approximately half of those who have experienced SV meeting criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within a year. Both SV and PTSD are associated with alcohol misuse among college women, often explained by the self-medication hypothesis. Existing literature focuses on overall PTSD severity rather than potential day-to-day fluctuations in specific symptoms, which might play a crucial role in understanding alcohol misuse risk. Studies also examine only same-day or next-day associations between PTSD and drinking, neglecting the potential for longer-term changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study explores the short-term longitudinal stability and time-lagged predictive dynamics of PTSD symptoms, affect, and drinking behavior among 174 female college heavy episodic drinkers over four weeks. Participants were categorized into three groups: those with a history of SV and PTSD\n                      <jats:italic>(n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200977), women with SV but without PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200959), and women without prior trauma history (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938) to be able to examine differences by trauma exposure, and PTSD. We compared the longitudinal stability of PTSD symptom networks, affect (arousal, positive affect, and negative affect), and drinking behavior across groups. Support vector regression determined which PTSD symptom networks and affect best predict drinking behavior at specific time lags within a 0-7 day range.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PTSD group showed higher longitudinal stability for PTSD symptom networks (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&amp;lt;.049) and arousal (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&amp;lt;.048), but lower stability for negative affect (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=.013) and drinking behavior, including alcohol cravings (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=.019) and consumption (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009=.012), compared to the comparison groups. This suggests individuals with PTSD have more stable symptoms and arousal levels but greater fluctuations in negative affect and alcohol-related behaviors. Secondary analysis revealed PTSD symptom networks optimally predicted alcohol cravings with a three-day time lag (r=.88,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;.001) and consumption with a four-day time lag (r=.82,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings challenge assumptions regarding immediate effects of PTSD and affect on drinking behavior and underscore the need for therapeutic approaches that consider longer-range effects. Future research should expand on these findings by incorporating longer-range assessments and exploring a broader range of symptom interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1388539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:54:56Z","timestamp":1722300896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A month in review: longitudinal dynamics between daily PTSD symptom networks, affect, and drinking behaviors in female college students"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Balters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Schlichting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas O.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mykel J.","family":"Kochenderfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Kaysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398003","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1398003","article-title":"PTSD symptomics: network analyses in the field of psychotraumatology","volume":"8","author":"Armour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Concurrent treatment of PTSD and substance use disorders using prolonged exposure (COPE): Therapist guide","author":"Back","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.2002.s14.40","article-title":"Student factors: understanding individual variation in college drinking","author":"Baer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Suppl."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-018-0822-9","article-title":"The rise and fall of depressive symptoms and academic stress in two samples of university students","volume":"47","author":"Barker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2021.1964072","article-title":"The differential relation of trauma types with negative and positive emotion dysregulation","volume":"35","author":"Berfield","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2041-7","article-title":"Daily variation in post traumatic stress symptoms in individuals with and without probable post traumatic stress disorder","volume":"19","author":"Biggs","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700614","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1700614","article-title":"The network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Birkeland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.10.039","article-title":"Momentary assessment of PTSD symptoms and sexual risk behavior in male OEF\/OIF\/OND veterans","volume":"190","author":"Black","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1454935","article-title":"Impulsivity interacts with momentary PTSD symptom worsening to predict alcohol use in male veterans","volume":"44","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.10.003","article-title":"Self-medication of mood disorders with alcohol and drugs in the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"115","author":"Bolton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02015-5","article-title":"Sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Boumpa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/med-psych\/9780197542521.003.0005","article-title":"Complex systems approaches to psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Bringmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxf. Textb. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.4092","article-title":"The heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder in DSM-5","volume":"80","author":"Bryant","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000428","article-title":"Dissecting the heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder: differences in polygenic risk, stress exposures, and course of PTSD subtypes","volume":"52","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345784","article-title":"Robust estimation in heteroscedastic linear models","volume":"10","author":"Carroll","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035725","article-title":"Does negative affect mediate the relationship between daily PTSD symptoms and daily alcohol involvement in female rape victims? Evidence from 14 days of interactive voice response assessment","volume":"28","author":"Cohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2016.1235578","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of sexual assault among a college sample","volume":"65","author":"Conley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Heal."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2015.213","article-title":"Diagnostic concordance of DSM-IV and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a clinical sample","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000095","article-title":"Longitudinal PTSD network structure: measuring PTSD symptom networks over 5 years","volume":"53","author":"Crowe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106833","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between alcohol use and intimate partner violence and sexual assault victimization among college women","volume":"116","author":"Dardis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21959","article-title":"From betrayal to the bottle: investigating possible pathways from trauma to problematic substance use","volume":"27","author":"Delker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.09.002","article-title":"A historical review of trauma-related diagnoses to reconsider the heterogeneity of PTSD","volume":"28","author":"DiMauro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Brief alcohol screening and intervention for college students (BASICS): A harm reduction approach","author":"Dimeff","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000387","article-title":"The daily association between affect and alcohol use: a meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"149","author":"Dora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Support vector regression machines","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Drucker","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018813198","article-title":"Risk for mental disorders associated with sexual assault: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Dworkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211032213","article-title":"PTSD in the year following sexual assault: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"24","author":"Dworkin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15188","article-title":"Event-level positive and negative reinforcement risk factors for alcohol use: moderation by individual-level alcohol consequences and post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity","volume":"47","author":"Dyar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2018.1531185","article-title":"Alcohol use and drinking motives among suddenly bereaved college students","volume":"15","author":"Eddinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2018.1454823","article-title":"The Gaussian graphical model in cross-sectional and time-series data","volume":"53","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1979.tb02654.x","article-title":"What\u2019s wrong with sex between adults and children? Ethics and the problem of sexual abuse","volume":"49","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.4.445","article-title":"The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the posttraumatic diagnostic scale","volume":"9","author":"Foa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Extended Bayesian information criteria for Gaussian graphical models","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Foygel","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045","article-title":"Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso","volume":"9","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037257","article-title":"An experience sampling study of PTSD and alcohol-related problems","volume":"28","author":"Gaher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.065","article-title":"Changes in the network structure of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at different time points among youth survivors: a network analysis","volume":"259","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107892","article-title":"The association between alcohol use and sexual assault victimization among college students differs by gender identity and race","volume":"149","author":"Gilmore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2013.74.576","article-title":"Drinking to dampen affect variability: findings from a college student sample","volume":"74","author":"Gottfredson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718000351","article-title":"Dynamic networks of PTSD symptoms during conflict","volume":"48","author":"Greene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7","volume-title":"The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction","author":"Hastie","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22521","article-title":"A systematic review of the self-medication hypothesis in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid problematic alcohol use","volume":"33","author":"Hawn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102536","article-title":"Examining the associations between PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation through network analysis","volume":"86","author":"Haws","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21829","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, alcohol misuse, and women\u2019s use of intimate partner violence","volume":"26","author":"Hellmuth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14826","article-title":"The 24-hour rhythm in alcohol craving and individual differences in sleep characteristics and alcohol use frequency","volume":"46","author":"Hisler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21888","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation model of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"29","author":"Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027584","article-title":"Application of the stressor vulnerability model to understanding posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-related problems in an undergraduate population","volume":"26","author":"Hruska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000262","article-title":"The association between daily PTSD symptom severity and alcohol-related outcomes in recent traumatic injury victims","volume":"31","author":"Hruska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2014.977433","article-title":"Modeling cyclical patterns in daily college drinking data with many zeroes","volume":"50","author":"Huh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.03.023","article-title":"PTSD symptom clusters in relationship to alcohol misuse among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans seeking post-deployment VA health care","volume":"35","author":"Jakupcak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106623","article-title":"Daily associations between affect and alcohol use among adults: the importance of affective arousal","volume":"112","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033588","article-title":"Proximal relationships between PTSD symptoms and drinking among female college students: results from a daily monitoring study","volume":"28","author":"Kaysen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.09.007","article-title":"Domestic violence and alcohol use: trauma-related symptoms and motives for drinking","volume":"32","author":"Kaysen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"47","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis revisited: the dually diagnosed patient","volume":"10","author":"Khantzian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prim. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"71","article-title":"\u201cEven with the professors it\u2019s expected\u201d: an analysis of college students\u2019 discussion of campus drinking culture","volume":"75","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"PA Commun. Annu."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.3.422","article-title":"Sexual experiences survey: reliability and validity","volume":"53","author":"Koss","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.50.3.455","article-title":"Sexual experiences survey: a research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization","volume":"50","author":"Koss","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"23","article-title":"The epidemiology of binge drinking among college-age individuals in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Krieger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.210","article-title":"Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: the traumatic life events questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"Kubany","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2019.100205","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment studies of comorbid PTSD and alcohol use: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Lane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.048","article-title":"Examination of the dynamic interplay between posttraumatic stress symptoms and alcohol misuse among combat-exposed operation enduring freedom (OEF)\/operation Iraqi freedom (OIF) veterans","volume":"196","author":"Langdon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.04.035","article-title":"Differential mediating effects of PTSD symptom clusters on alcohol use and sleep in university students with trauma experiences: a multi-group analysis","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-03-2808","article-title":"PTSD subclusters and functional impairment in Kosovo peacekeepers","volume":"174","author":"Maguen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"15","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: a model of the longitudinal course and the role of risk factors","volume":"61","author":"McFarlane","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"103","article-title":"Drinking over the lifespan: focus on college ages","volume":"38","author":"Merrill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559500005001003","article-title":"The revictimization of child sexual abuse survivors: an examination of the adjustment of college women with child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and adult physical abuse","volume":"5","author":"Messman-Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.38.4.8","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and coping drinking motives in college women","volume":"38","author":"Messman-Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9071","article-title":"Integrated exposure-based therapy for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"308","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1295014","article-title":"Evaluating the one-in-five statistic: women\u2019s risk of sexual assault while in college","volume":"54","author":"Muehlenhard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028518","article-title":"The correspondence of daily and retrospective PTSD reports among female victims of sexual assault","volume":"24","author":"Naragon-Gainey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2016.06.020","article-title":"A practical guide to understanding reliability in studies of within-person variability","volume":"69","author":"Nezlek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"ref9001","article-title":"Drinking levels defined. Alcohol\u2019s Effects on Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.06.008","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment of drinking in young adults: an investigation into social context, affect and motives","volume":"98","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1431893","article-title":"College alcohol beliefs and drinking consequences: a multiple mediation analysis of norms, expectancies, and willingness to experience drinking consequences","volume":"66","author":"Osberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Heal."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2008.27.4.404","article-title":"Surfing the urge: experiential acceptance moderates the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and hazardous drinking","volume":"27","author":"Ostafin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2002.63.486","article-title":"Drinking to cope among college students: prevalence, problems and coping processes","volume":"63","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12238","article-title":"Day-by-day variation in affect, arousal and alcohol consumption in young adults","volume":"34","author":"Peacock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037304","article-title":"Sexual assault-characteristics effects on PTSD and psychosocial mediators: a cluster-analysis approach to sexual assault types","volume":"7","author":"Peter-Hagene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agab024","article-title":"Affect-based problem drinking risk: the reciprocal relationship between affective lability and problem drinking","volume":"56","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050340","article-title":"The circumplex model of affect: an integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology","volume":"17","author":"Posner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027144","article-title":"Assessing daily fluctuations in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and substance use with interactive voice response technology: protocol compliance and reactions","volume":"9","author":"Possemato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Serv."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028210","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms predict alcohol and other drug consequence trajectories in the first year of college","volume":"80","author":"Read","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.2.286","article-title":"Reexamining the circumplex model of affect","volume":"79","author":"Remington","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000202","article-title":"Effects of sexual assault on alcohol use and consequences among young adult sexual minority women","volume":"85","author":"Rhew","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22364","article-title":"Approximating a DSM-5 diagnosis of PTSD using DSM-IV criteria","volume":"32","author":"Rosellini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714","article-title":"A circumplex model of affect","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.5.805","article-title":"Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant","volume":"76","author":"Russell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191119869826","article-title":"When hindsight is not 20\/20: ecological momentary assessment of PTSD symptoms versus retrospective report","volume":"28","author":"Schuler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027169","article-title":"Symptoms of posttraumatic stress predict craving among alcohol treatment seekers: results of a daily monitoring study","volume":"26","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"113","article-title":"The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04347","article-title":"The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters among war veterans","volume":"70","author":"Solomon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001278","article-title":"An event-level evaluation of women\u2019s self-medicated drinking: the role of sexual assault severity, affect, and drinking motives","volume":"15","author":"Stappenbeck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"121","article-title":"Functional and psychiatric correlates of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder","volume":"39","author":"Straus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2019.1624765","article-title":"Fluctuations in daily PTSD symptoms are related to proximal alcohol use: a micro-longitudinal study of women victims of intimate partner violence","volume":"46","author":"Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0262670","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262670","article-title":"Towards an affect intensity regulation hypothesis: systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between affective states and alcohol consumption","volume":"17","author":"Tovmasyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2015.1025013","article-title":"PTSD symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and alcohol-related consequences among college students with a trauma history","volume":"11","author":"Tripp","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2016.1146382","article-title":"Alcohol expectancies, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use in college students with a history of childhood trauma","volume":"12","author":"Tuliao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22771","article-title":"Self-medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: a narrative review of the epidemiological literature","volume":"35","author":"Turner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.043","article-title":"Evaluating the stability of DSM-5 PTSD symptom network structure in a national sample of U.S. military veterans","volume":"229","author":"Von Stockert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2021.1890295","article-title":"Child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault among emerging adults: exploring the roles of posttraumatic stress symptoms, emotion regulation, and anger","volume":"30","author":"Walker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Sex. Abuse"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102198","article-title":"Extending our understanding of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and positive emotion dysregulation: a network analysis approach","volume":"71","author":"Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20837","article-title":"Synthesis of the psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL) military, civilian, and specific versions","volume":"28","author":"Wilkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000238","article-title":"Daily associations between PTSD, drinking, and self-appraised alcohol-related problems","volume":"31","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2017.08.003","article-title":"How do academic stress and leisure activities influence college students\u2019 emotional well-being? A daily diary investigation","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22133","article-title":"Understanding heterogeneity in PTSD: fear, dysphoria, and distress","volume":"31","author":"Zoellner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1388539\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:55:09Z","timestamp":1722300909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1388539\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1388539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1388539","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"article-number":"1388539"}}