{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:34:56Z","timestamp":1793086496870,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Examining the current situation of test anxiety among first year senior high school students in Yanji City and investigating the factors that contribute to exam anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using cluster sampling, a survey was conducted on 1,550 first-year high school students from three high schools in Yanji City in April\u2013May 2023. The survey utilized general information questionnaires, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of test anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,550 first-year high school students were included in the analysis, with a test anxiety occurrence rate of 79.8%. Test anxiety exhibited statistical differences among different genders, ethnicities, family economic levels, frequency of communication with parents, and relationships with parents (with results of 53.44, 10.42, 17.31, 20.42, 31.95, all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.05). Scores of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), psychasthenia (Pt), paranoia (Pa), psychopathic deviate (Pd), schizophrenia (Sc), and hypomania (Ma) in the 10 clinical personality scales were significantly positively correlated. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, ethnicity, frequency of communication with parents, and scores of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), psychasthenia (Pt), paranoia (Pa), and hypomania (Ma) in the 10 clinical personality scales were the main influencing factors for test anxiety in first-year high school students (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The test anxiety level of high school students in Yanji City is relatively high, with variations in test anxiety levels among students of different genders, ethnicities, parental communication styles, and deviant personality traits. It is recommended that schools and teachers should give more consideration to test anxiety among high school students, particularly targeting those with potential risk factors. Parents should also be more attentive to their children\u2019s development and advancement, and improve their family education principles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1414215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T15:48:25Z","timestamp":1721749705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Current status and influencing factors of test anxiety of senior one students in Yanji, China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xin-Yang","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Dan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/578323","article-title":"Test anxiety levels of board exam going students in Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"2014","author":"Ann Mary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.69.17516","article-title":"Predictors and correlates of examination anxiety and depression among high school students taking the Sudanese national board examination in Khartoum state, Sudan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"33","author":"Bashir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000503","article-title":"The policy relevance of personality traits","volume":"74","author":"Bleidorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15283","article-title":"Self-regulated learning profiles including test anxiety linked to stress and performance: a latent profile analysis based across multiple cohorts","volume":"58","author":"Broks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174418","article-title":"Differentiating anxiety forms and their role in academic performance from primary to secondary school","volume":"12","author":"Carey","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.048","article-title":"Factors associated with test anxiety among adolescents in Shenzhen, China","volume":"323","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Examination and Enrollment System [EB\/OL]","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573637","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.573637","article-title":"The associations of common psychological problems with mental disorders among college students","volume":"12","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1780-5","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the metacognitions about health questionnaire in college students","volume":"27","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246875","article-title":"Relationship between family functioning, differentiation of self and anxiety in Spanish young adults","volume":"16","author":"Dolz-Del-Castellar","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.04.372","article-title":"On the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance","volume":"15","author":"DordiNejad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3969\/i.issn.1000-6729.2012.09.007","article-title":"Differential validity of SAS and SDS amongpsychiatrie non-psychotic outpatients and their partners","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1940.9917000","article-title":"A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I. Construction of the schedule","volume":"10","author":"Hathaway","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"The current situation Reseach of Yanbian Korean family education of high school students","author":"He","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918999","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.918999","article-title":"Understanding MMPI-2 response structure between schizophrenia and healthy individuals","volume":"13","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.16128\/j.cnki.1005-3611.2019.01.023","article-title":"The development of test anxiety in Chinese students","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095026","article-title":"Depressive and anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents in rural China: a large-scale epidemiological study","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.02.002","article-title":"A conceptual model and detailed framework for stress-related, strain-related, and overuse athletic injury","volume":"23","author":"Kalkhoven","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3390\/children10061059","article-title":"Exploring the psychosocial factors between adaptive and maladaptive use of gaming among Korean adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50503","DOI":"10.2196\/50503","article-title":"Web-based, human-guided, or computer-guided Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy in university students with anxiety and depression: randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Koelen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"TK-CampusKompass: Umfrage zur Gesundheit von Studierenden","author":"Krankenkasse","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.16681\/j.cnki.wcqe.201810055","article-title":"The relationship between test anxiety and psychological capital of middle school students","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"West. China Qual. Educ."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1674-6554.2009.09.034","article-title":"A study on the relationship among test anxiety, coping style and personality characteristics of 110 senior high school students","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Behav. Med. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.05.039","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, and mental health outcomes of social jetlag in Chinese school-age adolescents: a large-scale population-based study","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Study on negative academic emotions of senior school students in families as ecological systems","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3760\/j:issn:0253-9624.2006.01.012","article-title":"The relationship between test anxiety and personality, self-esteem in grade one senior high students","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-021-00360-4","article-title":"The relationship between test anxiety and emotion regulation: the mediating effect of psychological resilience","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. General Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-021-03676-x","article-title":"Test anxiety among school-going children and adolescents, factors affecting and impact on quality of life: a multicenter study","volume":"88","author":"Lohiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231207894","article-title":"The family context in Cyber victimization: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Lozano-Blasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"A study on the psychological health of the senior students of Yanbian state","author":"Ma","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878479","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.878479","article-title":"A study on the improvement of college students\u2019 psychological pressure and anxiety by using English psychological script activities","volume":"13","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.07.023","article-title":"Gender differences in test anxiety and their impact on higher education students\u2019 academic achievement","volume":"228","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/0260293042000160384","article-title":"Academic procrastination and statistics anxiety","volume":"29","author":"Onwuegbuzie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Beratung von Bachelorstudierenden in Studium und Alltag. Ergebnisse einer HISBUS-Befragung zu Schwierigkeiten und Problemlagen von Studierenden und zur Wahrnehmung","author":"Ortenburger","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.13342\/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.02.027","article-title":"Correlation between personality characteristics of nursing students and anxiety of nurse licensing examination. Chin","volume":"29","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/13632750802027713","article-title":"Deconstructing test anxiety","volume":"13","author":"Putwain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emot. Behav. Diffic."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/03055698.2014.953914","article-title":"Test anxiety prevalence and gender differences in a sample of English secondary school students","volume":"40","author":"Putwain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2021.08.001","article-title":"Test anxiety, anxiety disorders, and school-related wellbeing: manifestations of the same or different constructs?","volume":"88","author":"Putwain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Research on factors and countermeasures of high school students test anxiety","author":"Qian","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25777","article-title":"Towards the role of apprehension and anxiety as antecedents of EFL students\u2019 burnout","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.11.002","article-title":"What do patients want from their asthma care doctors?","volume":"27","author":"Rubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ar68","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.21-01-0012","article-title":"Context matters: social psychological factors that underlie academic performance across seven institutions","volume":"20","author":"Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"CBE Life Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.4.929","article-title":"Stress, anxiety, and cognitive interference: reactions to tests","volume":"46","author":"Sarason","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0191779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191779","article-title":"Benefits of expressive writing in reducing test anxiety: a randomized controlled trial in Chinese samples","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.31.4.503","article-title":"Academic procrastination: frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates","volume":"31","author":"Solomon","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"346","article-title":"Analysis of results of administration of the MMPI to normal Chinese subjects","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. Sin."},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory user's guide","author":"Song","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Research on the relationship among personality characteristics, academic Efficacyand test anxiety of high school students","author":"Tang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1859-5","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of test anxiety among medical students in Addis Ababa Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Tsegay","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00332941231184384","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941231184384","article-title":"Emotional profiles of anxiety, depression, and stress: differences in school anxiety","author":"Vicent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S457405","article-title":"The effect of negative physical self on social anxiety in college students: the bidirectional chain mediation roles of fear of negative evaluation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy","volume":"17","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-6627.2019.05.005","article-title":"Vitalization of rural areas in frontier ethnic areas from the perspective of transnational population flow: taking Yanbian Korean autonomous prefecture as an example","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. North Minzu Univ."},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"29","article-title":"Policy changes and mechanism optimization of top-notch innovative talents selection in Chinese colleges and universities","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Beijing Norm. Univ."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-021-00218-0","article-title":"Relationships between test anxiety and metacognition in Chinese young adults with and without specific learning disabilities","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Dyslexia"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: alphabetical index","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Yanji economic growth effect on employment related research","author":"Wu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"The relationship betweenlife values, parent-child comunication andsubjective well-being of high school studentsand its educational enlightenment","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2021.07.004","article-title":"Tracking stress, depression, and anxiety across the final year of secondary school: a longitudinal study","volume":"88","author":"Wuthrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-00981-y","article-title":"Academic stress in the final years of school: a systematic literature review","volume":"51","author":"Wuthrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8478","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148478","article-title":"Mental health problems and associated factors among high school students in Shandong Province of China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Xiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.16187\/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2022.01.10","article-title":"Grade 10 Students' achievement goal orientation patterns and their academic adjustment: based on latent profile analysis","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Dev. Educ."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12750","article-title":"Family socioeconomic status and Chinese high school students' test anxiety: serial mediating role of parental psychological control, learning resources, and student academic self-efficacy","volume":"62","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8415.2023.02.016.","article-title":"Investigation and analysis and help exploration of mental health status of freshmen in higher vocational colleges under the background of the Nove coronavirus epidemic","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tianjin Vocat. Inst."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.14138\/j.1001-4519.2022.04.002013","article-title":"Chinese students' mental health problems: the detection rate and educational implications","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tsinghua J. Educ."},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Evaluation anxiety. Handbook of competence and motivation","author":"Zeidner","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"Psychiatric rating scale manual. Changsha: Hunan Science & Technology Press","author":"Zhang","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.16719\/j.cnki.1671-6981.20160316","article-title":"The effect of personality traits on test anxiety: analysis of the multiple mediating effects","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.16128\/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.03.020","article-title":"The relationship between shyness and test anxiety in high school students: multiple mediating effects of mindfulness and fear of failure","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0","article-title":"A rating instrument for anxiety disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1414215\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T15:48:56Z","timestamp":1721749736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1414215\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1414215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1414215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"article-number":"1414215"}}