{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:29:49Z","timestamp":1792013389424,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide, emerging from a combination of several factors. The aim of this review is to define the psychological factors that are significant in the development and progression of these disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies published through 2023 concerning adults with psychological vulnerability factors and\/or cardiovascular disease were selected through searches of PubMed, PsychINFO, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychological stress may influence CVD, in combination with other risk factors, or it can act independently, as in cases of workplace stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, Takotsubo syndrome and bereavement. Coping strategies, anxiety and depression have also been identified as relevant psychological factors in cardiac patients. Adverse childhood experiences are linked to a reduced quality of life and have been identified as significant risk factors for the development of acquired CVDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review demonstrates that several psychological factors affect cardiovascular function. An in-depth study of the psychological correlates of CVDs would allow healthcare professionals to design more effective prevention and intervention programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1419731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T04:49:24Z","timestamp":1727671764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Psychological risk factors and cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Carola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Vincenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Di Vincenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Morale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Nicolais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S190511","article-title":"Pre-operative depression predicted longer hospital length of stay among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"12","author":"AbuRuz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Manag. 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