{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:30:13Z","timestamp":1790937013154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to explore the relationship and influencing pathways between mental health indicators and athlete burnout among Chinese competitive athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 501 elite Chinese athletes from several national and provincial sports teams. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to measure anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ- 9) was used to measure depression, Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) was used to measure perceived stress, and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used to measure burnout. The results were derived using reliability testing, descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following results were obtained: (a) the clinical detection rates of anxiety and depression in this sample were within normal levels, but the detection rate of perceived stress (78.64%) was relatively high; (b) all three mental health indicators were significantly correlated with athlete burnout; (c) in our model, there was a direct path with APSQ directly contributing to 69.95% of the variance in athlete burnout, and two indirect paths with APSQ exerting an indirect effect through depression or\/and anxiety accounting for 30.05% of the variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings revealed the psychological characteristics of Chinese competitive athletes and the direct and indirect effects of the APSQ on burnout. Future research should actively promote the international development and application of burnout assessment tools, conduct more comprehensive studies on athlete mental health monitoring, and intensify efforts in athlete education, treatment, and support services, as well as strategies for athlete\u2019s coping stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T15:40:14Z","timestamp":1721403614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A study on the relationship and path between mental health and burnout of Chinese athletes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burn.2014.03.003","article-title":"Relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms: A study using the person-centred approach","volume":"1","author":"Ahola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burn. Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106495","article-title":"Analysis of the sport mental health assessment tool 1 (SMHAT-1) in team USA athletes","volume":"57","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.57.5.521-526","article-title":"Social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus nonathletes","volume":"57","author":"Armstrong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Heal."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232030-00003","article-title":"The unknown mechanism of the overtraining syndrome: clues from depression and psychoneuroimmunology","volume":"32","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.11.005","article-title":"Stress, burnout, and depression: A systematic review on DNA methylation mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"Bakusic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-014-0549-x","article-title":"Emotional information processing in depression and burnout: an eye-tracking study","volume":"265","author":"Bianchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psy. Clin. N."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0109-2","article-title":"Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Birrer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101583","article-title":"Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance, and prevention: American medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement - executive summary","volume":"54","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brit. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053231189419","article-title":"How COVID-19 prevention burnout impacts emotional symptoms among Chinese college students: a moderated mediation model","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.19204\/2023\/sprt2","article-title":"Spiritual well-being and burnout syndrome in healthcare: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Chirico","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413377","article-title":"Diet quality and mental health status among division 1 female collegiate athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Christensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/02640411003797157","article-title":"Coping strategies, multidimensional competitive anxiety, and cognitive threat appraisal: differences across sex, age, and type of sport","volume":"28","author":"Cl\u00e1udia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Serb. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1123\/ssj.9.3.271","article-title":"Burnout among adolescents: a personal failure of a social problem","volume":"9","author":"Coakley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sociol. Sport J."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.3552","article-title":"Anxiety in athletes: gender and type of sport differences","volume":"12","author":"Correia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500131431","article-title":"The convergent and discriminant validity of burnout measures in sport: A multi-trait\/multi-method analysis","volume":"24","author":"Cresswell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sport. Sci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","author":"Cronbach","year":"1951","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0276027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276027","article-title":"Physician burnout and symptoms of anxiety and depression: burnout in consultant doctors in Ireland study (BICDIS)","volume":"18","author":"Crudden","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1123\/jis.2.1.31","article-title":"Athlete burnout: A physiological perspective","volume":"2","author":"Cureton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Intercolleg. Sport."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2012.705414","article-title":"Areas of worklife and the athlete burnout-engagement relationship","volume":"25","author":"DeFreese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Burnout: Stages of disillusionment in the helping professions","author":"Edelwich","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4263480","article-title":"Psychological pressure on athletes during matches and practices","volume":"3","author":"Endo","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJSEP"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Marketing. Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7470","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147470","article-title":"Recreational screen time and anxiety among college athletes: findings from Shanghai","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","year":""},{"key":"ref27","year":""},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1024\/2674-0052\/a000017","article-title":"Perceived recovery and stress states as predictors of depressive, burnout, and insomnia symptoms among adolescent elite athletes","volume":"2","author":"Gerber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449608401975","article-title":"Perceived control, depressive symptomatology, and professional burnout: A review of the evidence","volume":"11","author":"Glass","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.10.4.322","article-title":"Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment","volume":"10","author":"Gould","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1123\/jis.2.1.16","article-title":"Sources and consequences of athletic burnout among college athletes","volume":"2","author":"Gould","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Intercolleg. Sports."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102411","article-title":"International Olympic Committee (IOC) sport mental health assessment tool 1 (SMHAT-1) and sport mental health recognition tool 1 (SMHRT-1): towards better support of athletes\u2019 mental health","volume":"55","author":"Gouttebarge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.05.002","article-title":"Athlete burnout: review and recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.21.1.21","article-title":"Prevalence of burnout in adolescent competitive athletes","volume":"21","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis: An overview","author":"Hair","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.116.3.412","article-title":"Relation of agency and communion to well-being: evidence and potential explanations","volume":"116","author":"Helgeson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2019.1570473","article-title":"Consensus statement on improving the mental health of high performance athletes","volume":"18","author":"Henriksen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Ps."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868315596286","article-title":"Multidimensional perfectionism and burnout: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"53","volume-title":"The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods","author":"Hooper","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.12206-6","article-title":"The psychological effects of event cancellation in Olympic-level swimmers: preliminary findings and mental health screening recommendations","volume":"62","author":"Hooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sport. Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.5.3.211","article-title":"The relationship between female Wrestlers' pre-competition psychological state and performance","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Guangzhou Sport Univ."},{"key":"ref42","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.08.003","article-title":"Associations between the perceived quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athlete burnout: an examination of the mediating role of achievement goals","volume":"22","author":"Isoard-Gautheur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language","author":"J\u00f6reskog","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/09720073.2015.11891702","article-title":"Level of anxiety and burnout among martial athletes into 17th Mediterranean games","volume":"19","author":"Katkat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anthropologist"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074","article-title":"Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress","volume":"32","author":"Kessler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00284","article-title":"The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Koutsimani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117698465","article-title":"Relationships among stress, burnout, athletic identity, and athlete satisfaction in students at Korea's physical education high schools: validating differences between pathways according to Ego resilience","volume":"120","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00006","article-title":"Sports mental fatigue: nature, cause, diagnosis, and control","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sport. Sci."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2021.1987503","article-title":"Relationship between athlete stress and burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.13297\/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2023.01.017","article-title":"Construction of Athletes' mental fatigue prediction model based on self-determination theory","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tianjin Univ. Sport."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823400","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.823400","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Chinese translated athlete burnout questionnaire: evidence from Chinese collegiate athletes and elite athletes","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5503\/J.PR.2010.01.001","article-title":"Exploring intervention methods for athlete psychological issues in the context of COVID-19: a case study on athlete B's psychological crisis intervention","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.08.005","article-title":"Interaction of athletes' resilience and coaches' social support on the stress-burnout relationship: A conjunctive moderation perspective","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2016.05.010","article-title":"Perfectionism and changes in athlete burnout over three months: interactive effects of personal standards and evaluative concerns perfectionism","volume":"26","author":"Madigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3109\/02699051003610508","article-title":"Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury","volume":"24","author":"Mainwaring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397","article-title":"Job burnout","volume":"52","author":"Maslach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.18.2.154","article-title":"The overtraining syndrome: A multicultural assessment","volume":"18","author":"Meehan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.05.013","article-title":"FEPSAC position statement: mental health disorders in elite athletes and models of service provision","volume":"38","author":"Moesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00001","article-title":"Psychomotor speed: possibly a new marker for overtraining syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Nederhof","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96542","DOI":"10.5603\/DEMJ.2019.0003","article-title":"Addressing burnout and PTSD among paramedics and emergency staff after the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of occupational health services and workplace health promotion programs","volume":"8","author":"Nucera","year":"2023","journal-title":"DEMJ"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000233","article-title":"Depression in ultra-endurance athletes: a review and recommendations","volume":"27","author":"Onate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports. Med. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2020_146","article-title":"Health anxiety status of elite athletes in the COVID-19 social isolation period","volume":"121","author":"Ozen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1325","article-title":"Common etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivity via elevated nitric oxide\/peroxynitrite","volume":"57","author":"Pall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burn.2015.03.001","article-title":"Life stress as a potential risk factor for depression and burnout","volume":"2","author":"Plieger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Burn. Res."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.2015908","article-title":"A longitudinal examination of changes in mental health among elite Canadian athletes","volume":"40","author":"Poucher","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.4.3.204","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms in male intercollegiate student-athletes and non-athletes","volume":"4","author":"Proctor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.23.4.281","article-title":"Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure","volume":"23","author":"Raedeke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sport. Exercise. Psy."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0484.22","article-title":"The mental health crisis in sports: the perfect storm of contemporary factors","volume":"58","author":"Reardon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Athl. Training."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2016.1216719","article-title":"Psychiatric medication preferences of sports psychiatrists","volume":"44","author":"Reardon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2165\/11536580-000000000-00000","article-title":"Sport psychiatry: A systematic review of diagnosis and medical treatment of mental illness in athletes","volume":"40","author":"Reardon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100715","article-title":"Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement 2019","volume":"53","author":"Reardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brit. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100620","article-title":"Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Rice","year":"","journal-title":"Br. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000712","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000712","article-title":"Mental health screening: severity and cut-off point sensitivity of the athlete psychological strain questionnaire in male and female elite athletes","volume":"6","author":"Rice","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open. Sport. Exerc."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2019.1611900","article-title":"Preliminary psychometric validation of a brief screening tool for athlete mental health among male elite athletes: the athlete psychological strain questionnaire","volume":"18","author":"Rice","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-60830000000160","article-title":"Associations between competitive anxiety, athlete characteristics, and sport context: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Clin Psychiat."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68","article-title":"Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being","volume":"55","author":"Ryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/job.248","article-title":"Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study","volume":"25","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01400-8","article-title":"The self's choice: priming attentional focus on bodily self promotes loss frequency bias","volume":"42","author":"Sebri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1123\/jsp.8.1.36","article-title":"Toward a cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2504-6_14","article-title":"Sport performance anxiety","volume-title":"Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety","author":"Smith","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.11-0169-OA","article-title":"Epidemiological study on risk factors for anxiety disorder among Chinese doctors","volume":"54","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1775894","article-title":"Impact of the talent development environment on the well-being and burnout of Caribbean youth track and field athletes","volume":"21","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01423","article-title":"Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), irrational and rational beliefs, and the mental health of athletes","volume":"7","author":"Turner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00090","article-title":"Subgroup analysis in burnout: relations between fatigue, anxiety, and depression","volume":"7","author":"van Dam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.2017.1333437","article-title":"Conceptual examination of college athletes' role conflict through the lens of conservation of resources theory","volume":"70","author":"Wendling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quest"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00855.x","article-title":"Enhanced cardiac perception is associated with benefits in decision-making","volume":"46","author":"Werner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.19582\/j.cnki.11-3785\/g8.2019.11.009","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the structural features of competitive sports Systems in China and the United States","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Beijing Sport Univ."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"002190962311531","DOI":"10.1177\/00219096231153161","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19, coronavirus anxiety, COVID-19 burnout, and resilience: examining psychometric properties of COVID-19 burnout scale in Urdu","volume":"1","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAS"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040597","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19, resilience, and future anxiety: psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the dark future scale","volume":"13","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20105895","article-title":"Resilience and extrinsic motivation as mediators in the relationship between fear of failure and burnout","volume":"20","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2002.09.413","article-title":"Health status of university football athletes through multidimensional screening","volume":"30","author":"Yoshida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref96","volume-title":"Statistical analysis of data and SPSS application","author":"Yu","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.14333\/KJTE.2018.34.4.47","article-title":"The relationship between stress perception and exercise-induced mental fatigue: A moderated mediation model","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Shanghai Univ. Sport."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001020","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1001020","article-title":"The effect of perceived social support on mental health of Chinese college soccer players during the COVID-19 lockdown: the chain mediating role of athlete burnout and hopelessness","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1108\/eb028399","article-title":"Research on the challenges and strategies for maintaining competitive advantage in the Chinese table tennis team","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Beijing Sport Univ."},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422207\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T15:40:28Z","timestamp":1721403628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422207\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"references-count":101,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422207","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"article-number":"1422207"}}