{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:26:40Z","timestamp":1787027200527,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most previous studies have explored the risk antecedents of social media addiction, while few studies have focused on the protective factors that may decrease the risk of this behavioral disorder. By using a person-centered method, the current study focused on the effects of two protective factors (optimism and personal growth initiative) on the latent classes of social media addiction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>552 college students (248 females) participated in the current study, Mplus 8.3 software was adopted to conduct the latent class analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results revealed that based on the scores of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, social media users were classified into three subgroups: low-risk class, moderate-risk class, and high-risk class. The prevalence rate of social media addiction in college students was about 9.6%. Female gender was a positive predictor of the membership of a higher-risk class. Individuals with greater optimism and personal growth initiative were less likely to be classified in a higher-risk class.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mental health professionals or educators can use these results to design interventions targeting the two aspects to mitigate social media addiction, which may contribute to the positive development of young people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1429101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T06:16:52Z","timestamp":1739427412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The associations between optimism, personal growth initiative and the latent classes of social media addiction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080032","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2022.2080032","article-title":"Self-efficacy and optimism as predictors of coping with stress as assessed during the coronavirus outbreak","volume":"9","author":"Agbaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogent Educ."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2021.802","article-title":"Social media addiction: a systematic review through cognitive-behavior model of pathological use","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169839","article-title":"Problematic social media use: results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample","volume":"12","author":"B\u00e1nyai","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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