{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:29:25Z","timestamp":1788805765733,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>While the research on passion for entrepreneurial activities has produced many definitions, measures, and models specifying components, predictors, and outcomes of the construct, integrating these disparate approaches with each other and with current developments in psychological science remains a challenge for the next generation of research studies. This review connects the research on entrepreneurial passion with current innovations and debates in measurement and method development, motivation, personality, and developmental psychology. The review proposes to reconsider how to measure entrepreneurial passion by (1) specifying the exact facets of entrepreneurial passion in theoretical models and measures, and (2) using psychometric and co-endorsement network models to examine the relationships among the facets and the facets\u2019 relationships with relevant predictors and outcomes. (3) The article proposes to link passion research to ongoing debates about states, traits, and emerging stability by formulating and testing process models that distinguish between state- and trait development and include recursive feedback loops. (4) The review connects research on entrepreneurial passion to current debates in emotion and motivation research by proposing to examine the ambivalent motivation and mixed emotions accompanying entrepreneurial passion with intra-individual methods. (5) To help passion researchers build on each other\u2019s work and enhance the trustworthiness of their work, the review calls for cumulative scientific insights by adopting multi-lab collaborations and other open science practices. (6) Finally, the review proposes a new, integrative theoretical model that distinguishes between the facets that drive affective thriving and those driving perseverance in the face of obstacles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1453625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T04:52:31Z","timestamp":1744260751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Specific, situated, intra-individual, ambivalent, and open: integrating and advancing the research on entrepreneurial passion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.02.002","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion and SMEs\u2019 performance: moderating effects of financial resource availability and resource flexibility","volume":"144","author":"Adomako","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"The positivist dispute in German sociology","author":"Adorno","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12627","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion and product innovation intensity in new ventures: mediating effects of exploration and exploitation activities","volume":"34","author":"Ahsan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223675","article-title":"Establishing an infrastructure for collaboration in primate cognition research","volume":"14","author":"Altschul","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1973.10478966","article-title":"Graphs in statistical analysis","volume":"27","author":"Anscombe","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2009.05.004","article-title":"Personality facets and RIASEC interests: an integrated model","volume":"75","author":"Armstrong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Being too engaged is asking for trouble. Engagement is a peak, and peaks need lows. For example by psychologically detaching from work in the evening","author":"Bakker","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940710733115","article-title":"The job demands-resources model: state of the art","volume":"22","author":"Bakker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manag. Psychol."},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Multiple levels in job demands-resources theory: implications for employee well-being and performance","volume-title":"Handbook of well-being","author":"Bakker","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933","article-title":"Job demands\u2013resources theory: ten years later","volume":"10","author":"Bakker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psych. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erap.2012.06.001","article-title":"Passion and personality: is passionate behavior a function of personality?","volume":"63","author":"Balon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110211","article-title":"Time to get personal? The impact of researchers\u2019 choices on the selection of treatment targets using the experience sampling methodology","volume":"137","author":"Bastiaansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychosomatic Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.23.2.71","article-title":"The impact of different measurement models for fluid and crystallized intelligence on the correlation with personality traits","volume":"23","author":"Beauducel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000249","article-title":"Consistency and change in idiographic personality: a longitudinal ESM network study","volume":"118","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.95.3f.1135-1153","article-title":"Self-regulation and recovery: approaching an understanding of the process of recovery from stress","volume":"95","author":"Beckmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0578-x","article-title":"The debate over dopamine\u2019s role in reward: the case for incentive salience","volume":"191","author":"Berridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.01.001","article-title":"Personality and achievement motivation: relationship among big five domains and facet scales, achievement goals, and intelligence","volume":"44","author":"Bipp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-014-9462-x","article-title":"The dualistic model of passion for work: discriminate and predictive validity with work engagement and workaholism","volume":"39","author":"Birkeland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Motiv. Emot."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.2.187","article-title":"A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description","volume":"117","author":"Block","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920922775","article-title":"Rock the MIC: the matrix of implied causation for design and model checking","volume":"3","author":"Brick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000583","article-title":"The measurement of within-person affect variation","volume":"20","author":"Brose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Letters and journals of Lord Byron. With notices of his life","author":"Byron","year":"1833"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbvi.2017.05.004","article-title":"Passion for what? Expanding the domains of entrepreneurial passion","volume":"8","author":"Cardon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur. Insights"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003","article-title":"Measuring entrepreneurial passion: conceptual foundations and scale validation","volume":"28","author":"Cardon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2009.40633190","article-title":"The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion","volume":"34","author":"Cardon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"10","article-title":"The cooperative revolution is making psychological science better","volume":"31","author":"Chartier","year":"2018","journal-title":"APS Observer"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167215596988","article-title":"Finding a fit or developing it. Implicit theories about achieving passion for work","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2014","article-title":"Development of indirect measures of conscientiousness: combining a facets approach and network analysis","volume":"29","author":"Costantini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Personal."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.06.011","article-title":"Stability and variability of personality networks. A tutorial on recent developments in network psychometrics","volume":"136","author":"Costantini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/83kg2","article-title":"Theory evaluation in the age of cumulative science","volume":"6","author":"Cristia","year":"2020","journal-title":"OSF"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000387","article-title":"Seven easy steps to Open Science","volume":"227","author":"Cr\u00fcwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Z. Psychol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12275","article-title":"Predicting entrepreneurial burnout in a moderated mediated model of job fit","volume":"56","author":"De Mol","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002046","article-title":"Neurobiology of the structure of personality: dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion","volume":"22","author":"Depue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.6.1087","article-title":"Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals","volume":"92","author":"Duckworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101859","article-title":"From expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: a developmental, social cognitive, and sociocultural perspective on motivation","volume":"61","author":"Eccles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"222","article-title":"Can we create gifted people?","volume":"178","author":"Ericsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920952393","article-title":"Measurement schmeasurement: questionable measurement practices and how to avoid them","volume":"3","author":"Flake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.00280.x","article-title":"Moving personality beyond the person-situation debate: the challenge and the opportunity of within-person variability","volume":"13","author":"Fleeson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S468","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby044","article-title":"The network structure of schizotypal personality traits","volume":"44","author":"Fonseca-Pedrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/cjas.170","article-title":"\u201cWork is my passion\u201d: the different affective, behavioural, and cognitive consequences of harmonious and obsessive passion toward work","volume":"28","author":"Forest","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Admin. Sci."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1319-z","article-title":"Mental disorders as networks of problems: a review of recent insights","volume":"52","author":"Fried","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1348\/096317908X357903","article-title":"Flow at work: an experience sampling approach","volume":"82","author":"Fullagar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.08.003","article-title":"Towards a resolution of the personality triad: persons, situations, and behaviors","volume":"40","author":"Funder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/0016986206296660","article-title":"Ten commandments for academic talent development","volume":"51","author":"Gagn\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gifted Child Q."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.08.007","article-title":"The international personality item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures","volume":"40","author":"Goldberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.4337\/9781849806374.00030","article-title":"Passion for work: work engagement versus workaholism","volume-title":"Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice","author":"Gorgievski-Duijvesteijn","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/jgm7f","article-title":"Modeling psychopathology: from data models to formal theories","volume":"27","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep4102_4","article-title":"The four-phase model of interest development","volume":"41","author":"Hidi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2018.01.005","article-title":"Promoting harmonious work passion among unmotivated employees: a two-nation investigation of the compensatory function of cooperative psychological climate","volume":"106","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2009.00878.x","article-title":"A tale of passion: linking job passion and cognitive engagement to employee work performance","volume":"48","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.05.013","article-title":"Mixed emotions in the predictive brain","volume":"15","author":"Hoemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243915578486","article-title":"Hackathons and the making of entrepreneurial citizenship","volume":"40","author":"Irani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Values"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Igniting passion from within: how lay beliefs guide the pursuit of work passion and influence turnover intentions","author":"Jachimowicz","year":""},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9980","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803561115","article-title":"Why grit requires perseverance and passion to positively predict performance","volume":"115","author":"Jachimowicz","year":"","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23668\/psycharchives.14387","article-title":"Which insights can motivational psychology gain from network analyses? Comparing four different network methods empirically","author":"J\u00e4hne","year":"2024","journal-title":"PsychArchives"},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1108\/MRR-10-2018-0382","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion and venture performance: a proposed framework","volume":"42","author":"Iyortsuun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Management Research Review"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.43.1.23","article-title":"Profiting from controversy: lessons from the person-situation debate","volume":"43","author":"Kenrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2017.07.003","article-title":"The role of daily autonomous and controlled educational goals in students\u2019 academic emotion states: an experience sampling method approach","volume":"53","author":"Ketonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"The experience sampling method (ESM) item repository","author":"Kirtley","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"186","article-title":"Entwicklung und F\u00f6rderung von Interessen im Unterricht [development and promotion of interest in instruction]","volume":"45","author":"Krapp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Erzieh. Unterr."},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"What different network approaches teach us about engagement and burnout","author":"Kulakow","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Above and beyond perseverance: An exploration of sisu","author":"Lahti","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619895057","article-title":"Toward an integrative psychometric model of emotions","volume":"15","author":"Lange","year":"2020","journal-title":"Persp. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021846","article-title":"Further evidence for mixed emotions","volume":"100","author":"Larsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9088-8_2","article-title":"The experience sampling method","volume-title":"Flow and the foundations of positive psychology. The collected works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi","author":"Larson","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-11-2020-1569","article-title":"Harmonious passion, effectuation and firm performance: the moderated mediation effect of entrepreneurial experience","volume":"60","author":"Laskovaia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743672","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.743672","article-title":"Entrepreneurship education and founding passion: the moderating role of entrepreneurial family background","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.53703\/001c.29740","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion: a systematic review and research opportunities","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Strateg."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.62","article-title":"The landscape of archived studies in a social science data infrastructure: investigating the ICPSR metadata records","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.97.2.184","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations in the classroom: age differences and academic correlates","volume":"97","author":"Lepper","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245919900809","article-title":"Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the infant-directed speech preference","volume":"3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Methods Prac. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032573","article-title":"Passion: does one scale fit all? Construct validity of two-factor passion scale and psychometric invariance over different activities and languages","volume":"25","author":"Marsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1290","author":"Matejka","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.49.1.229","article-title":"Reconciling processing dynamics and personality dispositions","volume":"49","author":"Mischel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018430","article-title":"Culture and mixed emotions: co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions in Japan and the United States","volume":"10","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"Passion as concept of the psychology of motivation. Conceptualization, assessment, inter-individual variability and long-term stability","author":"Moeller","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.17505\/jpor.2021.23795","article-title":"Averting the next credibility crisis in psychological science: within-person methods for personalized diagnostics and intervention","volume":"7","author":"Moeller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Person-Oriented Res."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12297","article-title":"Passionate experiences in adolescence: situational variability and long-term stability","volume":"27","author":"Moeller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000419","article-title":"Mixed emotions: network analyses of intra-individual co-occurrences within and across situations","volume":"18","author":"Moeller","year":"","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1108\/CDI-12-2016-0215","article-title":"Highly engaged but burned out: intra-individual profiles in the US workforce","volume":"23","author":"Moeller","year":"","journal-title":"Career Dev. Int."},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Passion for work: what is it, who has it, and does it matter?","author":"Moeller","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.17505\/jpor.2015.14","article-title":"Two sides of the same coin: do the dual \u2018types\u2019 of passion describe distinct subgroups of individuals?","volume":"1","author":"Moeller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Person-Oriented Res."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.14786\/flr.vi3.529","article-title":"Disentangling objective characteristics of learning situations from subjective perceptions thereof, using an experience sampling method design","volume":"8","author":"Moeller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontline Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2022.101653","article-title":"Introducing the DYNAMICS framework of moment-to-moment development in achievement motivation","volume":"81","author":"Moeller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1207\/s15366359mea0204_1","article-title":"A manifesto on psychology as idiographic science: bringing the person back into scientific psychology, this time forever","volume":"2","author":"Molenaar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Measur. Interdisciplinary Res. Persp."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245918797607","article-title":"The psychological science accelerator: advancing psychology through a distributed collaborative network","volume":"1","author":"Moshontz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Methods Prac. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsmono.2017.cat2023.6","article-title":"Within-person analysis in educational psychology: importance and illustrations","author":"Murayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol.Series"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2374","article-title":"Entrepreneurial motivation: a review of the literature and an agenda for future research","volume":"41","author":"Murnieks","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref90","volume-title":"Persistence and change: Bennington college and its students after 25 years","author":"Newcomb","year":"1967"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12236","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion: a review, synthesis and agenda for future research","volume":"70","author":"Newman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618780643","article-title":"Implicit theories of interest: finding your passion or developing it?","volume":"29","author":"O\u2019Keefe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02697","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion in organizations: the role of personality","volume":"9","author":"Obschonka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614540645","article-title":"Emotion-network density in major depressive disorder","volume":"3","author":"Pe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2911","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-4327e2911","article-title":"Passion scale: psychometric properties and factorial invariance via exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM)","volume":"29","author":"Peixoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paid\u00e9ia"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2020.104021","article-title":"Grit and conscientiousness: another jangle fallacy","volume":"89","author":"Ponnock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3224\/diskurs.v14i3.06","article-title":"From between-person statistics to within-person dynamics","volume":"14","author":"Reitzle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2023.11.003","article-title":"Meta-analytic review, synthesis, and directions for the future of entrepreneurial passion research","volume":"43","author":"Riar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432X.2019.1588251","article-title":"The moderating role of work pressure on the relationships between emotional demands and tension, exhaustion, and work engagement: an experience sampling study among nurses","volume":"28","author":"Riedl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Work Organ. Psy."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X06010001-205","article-title":"The relationship between passion and injury in dance students","volume":"10","author":"Rip","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dance Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1202_04","article-title":"Personality development and the person\u2013situation debate: It\u2019s de \u0301ja` vu all over again","volume":"12","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.31.6.685","article-title":"Project on elite athlete commitment (PEAK): III. An examination of the external validity across gender, and the expansion and clarification of the sport commitment model","volume":"31","author":"Scanlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1630.2009.00814.x","article-title":"Recruitment and retention issues for occupational therapists in mental health: balancing the pull and the push","volume":"57","author":"Scanlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Occup. Ther. J."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167204264292","article-title":"Personality and life satisfaction: a facet-level analysis","volume":"30","author":"Schimmack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228969","article-title":"New wine in an old bottle? A facet-level perspective on the added value of grit over BFI\u20132 conscientiousness","volume":"15","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.113474","article-title":"Passion as process: three perspectives on entrepreneurial passion and an integrated path forward","volume":"156","author":"Schwarte","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02079.x","article-title":"Harmonious and obsessive passions for the internet: their associations with couples\u2019 relationships","volume":"33","author":"S\u00e9guin-L\u00e9vesque","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2006.00270.x","article-title":"Workaholism as discretionary time investment at work: an experience-sampling study","volume":"57","author":"Snir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000583","article-title":"Leveraging the Open Science framework in clinical psychological assessment research","volume":"31","author":"Tackett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref9002","author":"Thongmanivong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Entrepreneurial passion: A systematic literature review and research agenda (Doctoral dissertation, Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology)"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144239","article-title":"Structural equation modeling: strengths, limitations, and misconceptions","volume":"1","author":"Tomarken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2009.0006","article-title":"Why do young adults develop a passion for internet activities? The associations among personality, revealing \u201ctrue self\u201d on the internet, and passion for the internet","volume":"12","author":"Tosun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref112","first-page":"97","article-title":"On passion for life activities: the dualistic model of passion","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"Vallerand","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2211-1522-2-1","article-title":"The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being","volume":"2","author":"Vallerand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Well-Being Theor. Res. Prac."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.4.75","article-title":"Les passions de l'\u00e2me: On obsessive and harmonious passion","volume":"85","author":"Vallerand","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190648626.001.0001","volume-title":"Passion for work: Theory, research, and applications","author":"Vallerand","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2009.00616.x","article-title":"On the role of passion for work in burnout: a process model","volume":"78","author":"Vallerand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.28.4.454","article-title":"Passion in sport: a look at determinants and affective experiences","volume":"28","author":"Vallerand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2007.00447.x","article-title":"On the role of passion in performance","volume":"75","author":"Vallerand","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2014.889593","article-title":"Towards a unified framework for the study of between-person and within-person structures: building a bridge between two research paradigms","volume":"49","author":"V\u00f6lkle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.3390\/su15054454","article-title":"Mediating role of entrepreneurial work-related strains and work engagement among job demand\u2013resource model and success","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. For."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.0004","article-title":"Passion and intrinsic motivation in digital gaming","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X20001685","article-title":"The generalizability crisis","volume":"45","author":"Yarkoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref123","volume-title":"A cyclical model of passion and performance in new venture teams: Cross-level interactions with a lead entrepreneur\u2019s passion and passion diversity","author":"Yoo","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/10422587211069858","article-title":"Entrepreneurial passion: a meta-analysis of three measures","volume":"47","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1453625\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T04:52:39Z","timestamp":1744260759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1453625\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":124,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1453625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1453625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"article-number":"1453625"}}