{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:00:24Z","timestamp":1790989224410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed and evaluated the Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ), a tool designed to assess distress due to gender incongruence in individuals aged 18 and above with sensitivity to change. The 31 items of the questionnaire were generated through semi-structured guideline interviews with trans<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) and experts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Additionally, modified items from other questionnaires and the item collection of a working group were considered. Subsequently, the questionnaire was completed online by gender-dysphoric participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 219). A principal axis analysis revealed a conceptually plausible three-factor structure with the subscales Alienation, Gender Role Pressure, and Body Dysphoria. All subscales demonstrated at least good internal consistency with \u03b1 \u2265 0.80. A correlational comparison of two testing periods indicated high test-retest reliability (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.84). The convergent validity with the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale\u2014Gender Spectrum and the divergent validity with the PHQ-9 module of the Patient Health Questionnaire were only partially demonstrated, as the predetermined thresholds were slightly under (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.50) or overstepped (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.40). The assessment of known-groups validity showed expected mean differences. The results suggest that the KGDQ is a reliable and valid instrument for capturing various aspects of gender dysphoria over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1540500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T15:16:34Z","timestamp":1749568594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Antonia","family":"M\u00f6ck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inken","family":"T\u00f6dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathis","family":"Landsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.04.001","article-title":"Self-harm and suicidality in children referred for gender dysphoria","volume":"55","author":"Aitken","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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