{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:02:30Z","timestamp":1792796550285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy interventions in improving motor function performance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD), with a focus on identifying the most effective modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trials were identified through searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Twenty-six studies were included, assessed for quality, and analyzed following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024611770). Subgroup analyses were performed for primary outcomes (UPDRS, TUG, Mini\u2212BESTest), while secondary outcomes (Stride Length, FOG, 6MWT, and Gait Speed) were evaluated using forest and funnel plots to estimate pooled effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Art therapy significantly improved motor function, as evidenced by reductions in UPDRS III scores (SMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.44, 95% CI [\u22120.61, \u22120.26],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), TUG scores (SMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.25, 95% CI [\u22120.41, \u22120.10],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), and increases in Mini-BESTest scores (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.41, 95% CI [0.10, 0.72],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Among the interventions, dance therapy demonstrated the most significant effects on motor function (UPDRS III: SMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.52, 95% CI [\u22120.78, \u22120.26],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05; TUG: SMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.37, 95% CI [\u22120.58, \u22120.17],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05; Mini-BESTest: SMD\u202f=\u202f0.56, 95% CI [0.25, 0.87],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Secondary outcomes revealed small to moderate improvements in gait speed (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), 6MWT (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.41,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), FOG (SMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), and stride length (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.59,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Although the findings were robust, high heterogeneity in certain outcomes highlights the need for standardized intervention protocols to ensure consistency and reproducibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the clinical significance of art therapy in improving motor functions in PD patients. Among the interventions, dance therapy exhibited the most pronounced effects, highlighting its potential as a pivotal component in multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024611770<\/jats:uri>\n                      , identifier (CRD42024611770).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1542405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T11:24:16Z","timestamp":1756985056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effectiveness of art therapy on motor function in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zexi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14108","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"27","author":"Balestrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103297","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/103297","article-title":"Arts therapies for anxiety, depression, and quality of life in breast Cancer patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Boehm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199310000-00015","article-title":"Physical rehabilitation in neurologic diseases","volume":"6","author":"Bohannon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0533-9","article-title":"Walking to your right music: a randomized controlled trial on the novel use of treadmill plus music in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Calabr\u00f2","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.14744\/SEMB.2024.94758","article-title":"Sensitivity of clock drawing test alone to screen for cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"58","author":"Celik","year":"2024","journal-title":"SiSli Etfal Hastan. Tip Bul."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70068-7","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196907312810517","article-title":"L-dopa in parkinson\u2019s syndrome","volume":"281","author":"Cotzias","year":"1969","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(96)00018-8","article-title":"3 the role of the supplementary motor area in the control of voluntary movement","volume":"15","author":"Cunnington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483530","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/483530","article-title":"Walking with music is a safe and viable tool for gait training in Parkinson's disease: the effect of a 13-week feasibility study on single and dual task walking","volume":"2010","author":"de Bruin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1710147","article-title":"Do patients with PD benefit from music assisted therapy plus treadmill-based gait training? An exploratory study focused on behavioral outcomes","volume":"130","author":"De Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311421614","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of community-based dancing to modify disease progression in Parkinson disease","volume":"26","author":"Duncan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2012.0774","article-title":"Are the effects of community-based dance on Parkinson disease severity, balance, and functional mobility reduced with time? A 2-year prospective pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Duncan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S497","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22028","article-title":"The history of dopamine and levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Fahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.916455","article-title":"Virtual reality rehabilitation versus conventional physical therapy for improving balance and gait in Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05171-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of a dance-physiotherapy combined intervention in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"42","author":"Frisaldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105285","article-title":"The effects of Brazilian dance, deep-water exercise and nordic walking, pre-and post-12 weeks, on functional-motor and non-motor symptoms in trained PwPD","volume":"118","author":"Haas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0362","article-title":"Effects of dance on movement control in Parkinson's disease: a comparison of argentine tango and American ballroom","volume":"41","author":"Hackney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31815ce78b","article-title":"Effects of tango on functional mobility in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study","volume":"31","author":"Hackney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20998","article-title":"The sequence effect and gait festination in Parkinson disease: contributors to freezing of gait?","volume":"21","author":"Iansek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"4 Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"776","article-title":"Approaches to art therapy: theory and technique","volume-title":"Contemporary Psychology-Apa Review of Books","author":"Kaplan","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1142\/S1013702520500055","article-title":"Effect of home-based tai chi, yoga or conventional balance exercise on functional balance and mobility among persons with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: an experimental study","volume":"40","author":"Khuzema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hong Kong Physiother. J."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515607072","article-title":"Creative art therapy to enhance rehabilitation for stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Kongkasuwan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.39.1.12","article-title":"Zumba\u00ae dance improves health in overweight\/obese or type 2 diabetic women","volume":"39","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.009","article-title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease","volume":"65","author":"Kuhlman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517694930","article-title":"A randomized controlled feasibility trial exploring partnered ballroom dancing for people with Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Kunkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3341162.3344833","article-title":"Measuring Parkinson's disease motor symptoms with smartphone-based drawing tasks","author":"Kuosmanen","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0534","article-title":"Effects of mindfulness yoga vs stretching and resistance training exercises on anxiety and depression for people with Parkinson disease a randomized clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Kwok","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810083391506","article-title":"Parkinson's disease - first of two parts","volume":"339","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2019.103597","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and changes in the appreciation of art: a comparison of aesthetic and formal evaluations of paintings between PD patients and healthy controls","volume":"136","author":"Lauring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2017.11.002","article-title":"Turo (qi dance) program for Parkinson's disease patients: randomized, Assessor blind, waiting-list control. Partial crossover study","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033289","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.1033289","article-title":"The comparative effects of exercise type on motor function of patients with Parkinson's disease: a three-arm randomized trial","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.07.005","article-title":"\u201cDance therapy\u201d as a psychotherapeutic movement intervention in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Michels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.221","article-title":"Active theater as a complementary therapy for Parkinson's disease rehabilitation: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Modugno","year":"2010","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.13092","article-title":"Family-centered creative arts therapies for children with autism: a configurative systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Moo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1169","article-title":"The pathogenesis of gait Hypokinesia in Parkinsons-disease","volume":"117","author":"Morris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20727","article-title":"Economic burden associated with Parkinson's disease on elderly medicare beneficiaries","volume":"21","author":"Noyes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.73.859.257","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"73","author":"Playfer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"3","author":"Poewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520907669","article-title":"Group-based music intervention in Parkinson's disease - findings from a mixed-methods study","volume":"34","author":"Pohl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70793-X","article-title":"Predicting Parkinson's disease - why, when, and how?","volume":"15","author":"Postuma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2015.01.015","article-title":"Tango for treatment of motor and non-motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease: a randomized control study","volume":"23","author":"Romenets","year":"2015","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.02.017","article-title":"Dancing for Parkinson disease: a randomized trial of Irish set dancing compared with usual care","volume":"98","author":"Shanahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2018.0413","article-title":"Sardinian folk dance for individuals with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"25","author":"Solla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2018.06.001","article-title":"The effects of mindfulness meditation-based complex exercise program on motor and nonmotor symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Son","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518788615","article-title":"Rhythmic auditory stimulation for reduction of falls in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled study","volume":"33","author":"Thaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8516351","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4523743","article-title":"Functional improvements in Parkinson's disease following a randomized trial of yoga","volume":"2018","author":"Van Puymbroeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14060588","article-title":"Effects of Biodanza (\u00ae) SRT on motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Vitale","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-54","article-title":"A comparison of Irish set dancing and exercises for people with Parkinson's disease: a phase II feasibility study","volume":"13","author":"Volpe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Launch of WHO's Parkinson disease technical brief","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Launch of WHO's Parkinson disease technical brief","year":""},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639626","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.639626","article-title":"Art therapy alleviates the levels of depression and blood glucose in diabetic patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13026","article-title":"Efficacy of art therapy in enhancing mental health of clinical nurses: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1542405\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T11:24:17Z","timestamp":1756985057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1542405\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1542405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1542405","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"article-number":"1542405"}}