{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:52:13Z","timestamp":1793371933308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the true experiences of stigma and changes in stroke survivors and explore how they manage their symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stroke is a serious disease that threatens human health with increasing mortality and disability rates. Declining self-care ability and excessive external dependence can easily lead to stigma. However, there is a lack of studies on real stigma experiences and coping styles among stroke survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive qualitative study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen participants were recruited across inpatient stroke settings in China. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants to collect data. Audio-recorded data were transcribed. The data were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method for phenomenological analysis, adhering to the principles of Phenomenological research methodology. The study adheres to SRQR EQUATOR checklist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, revealing three main themes and ten sub-themes: (1) Non-adaptive emotion regulation in response to stigma, including sub-themes of remorse, shame, sadness, perceived disaster, depression, and reduced self-worth; (2) Adaptive emotion regulation in response to stigma, including positive reappraisal, positive adjustment, acceptance, and support systems; (3) Origins of stigma, including sources such as relatives, friends, oneself, and medical staff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings have the potential to inform the development and implementation of strategies to reduce the experience of stigma in early-stage clinical settings. Medical professionals must prioritize the comprehensive examination of genuine instances of stigma encountered by stroke survivors. Timely identification of stigma is imperative to mitigate the risk of patients adopting inaccurate beliefs and maladaptive coping mechanisms post-stroke. Strategies aimed at diminishing stigma should consider personal, familial, policy-related, societal, institutional, and environmental dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1581639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T17:27:22Z","timestamp":1750267642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stigma experience and coping strategies in stroke survivors: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinbo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebing","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","article-title":"Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2012.01086.x","article-title":"Social identity and stroke: 'they don't make me feel like, there's something wrong with me'","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. J. Caring Sci."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329042","article-title":"TEARS: a longitudinal investigation of the prevalence, psychological associations and trajectory of poststroke emotionalism","volume":"93","author":"Broomfield","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1817157","article-title":"Recovery after stroke: perspectives of young stroke survivors in Taiwan","volume":"44","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-3614.2019.07.001","article-title":"Stroke prevention and treatment in China: achievement, challenges and coping","volume":"34","author":"Chao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Circ. J."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-9676.2022.03.013","article-title":"The application of good limb placement in early rehabilitation nursing","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref7","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16077","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316077","article-title":"The predictive role of cognitive emotion regulation of adolescents with chronic disease and their parents in adolescents' quality of life: a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Cser\u00e9p","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref001","first-page":"897","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke in China unscramble (2018)","volume":"19","author":"Di","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Neurol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606046","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.606046","article-title":"Editorial: epistemic feelings: phenomenology, implementation, and role in cognition","volume":"11","author":"Dietrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2019.16542414","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke emotionalism (PSE) within inpatient stroke settings: a theory of planned behavior survey","volume":"27","author":"Gillespie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top. Stroke Rehabil."},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity","author":"Goffman","year":"1963"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.13495\/j.cnki.cjjc.2023.07.005","article-title":"I am ill, but whose Mianzi is lost: narrative analysis of the internalization of stigma based on the \"face-Mianzi model\"","volume":"45","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Commun."},{"key":"ref13","author":"Hu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.issn1008-6706.2021.11.032","article-title":"Efficacy of patient feedback oriented fine nursing in older adult patients with acute cerebral infarction complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Prim. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn115682-20200219-00825","article-title":"Application effect of nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory in COPD patients","volume":"26","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Nurs."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13031","article-title":"Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide","volume":"72","author":"Kallio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.363","article-title":"Conceptualizing stigma","volume":"27","author":"Link","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3870\/j.issn.1001-4152.2019.11.090","article-title":"Using an example to illustrate Colaizzi\u2019s phenomenological data analysis method","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Sci."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvad001","article-title":"Relationship of family function and pre-hospital delay among Chinese patients with recurrent ischaemic stroke and the mediation effect of stigma","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24612-3_857","article-title":"Semi-structured interviews","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences","author":"Magaldi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1620876","article-title":"Post-stroke emotionalism: a qualitative investigation","volume":"43","author":"McAleese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-211170","article-title":"A qualitative study of Singaporean perspectives on returning to work after stroke","volume":"75","author":"Mohamad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-017-9645-4","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the chronic illness anticipated stigma scale (CIASS)","volume":"24","author":"Nejatisafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.19.9.1101","article-title":"Quality of life 4 years after stroke","volume":"19","author":"Niemi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017575","article-title":"Determinants of informal care, burden, and risk of burnout in caregivers of stroke survivors: the CONOCES study","volume":"49","author":"Oliva-Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Victory over the crisis","author":"Parry","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.02.018","article-title":"Stroke-related stigma among West Africans: patterns and predictors","volume":"375","author":"Sarfo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2009.01161.x","article-title":"Health-related stigma","volume":"31","author":"Scambler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288209166884","article-title":"Leisure after stroke","volume":"4","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465737","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1465737","article-title":"Gender differences in the effects of urban environment on nighttime exercise behaviours: a qualitative study","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.11.015","article-title":"Interpretation of\" Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke 2018\"","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Contemp. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.11851\/i.issn.1673-1557.2020.06.005","article-title":"Relationship between psychological distress and emotion regulation strategies in patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mod. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.11655\/zgywylc2019.02.072","article-title":"Effect of perioperative fine nursing on patients with craniocerebral injury","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Remedies Clin."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn115682-20211029-04878","article-title":"Effects of continuous nursing based on positive psychology combined with motivational interviewing in stroke patients","volume":"28","author":"Xing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Nurs."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.12104\/j.issn.1674-4748.2019.19.002","article-title":"The correlation of stigma and social support in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Gen. Pract. Nurs."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1756.2016.02.028","article-title":"The investigation on the status and influencing factors of stigma in patients with lung cancer","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Nurs. Manag."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2019.1605759","article-title":"Stigma experienced by Chinese patients with stroke during inpatient rehabilitation and its correlated factors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Top. Stroke Rehabil."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1581639\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T17:27:43Z","timestamp":1750267663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1581639\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1581639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1581639","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"article-number":"1581639"}}