{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:24:43Z","timestamp":1753892683498,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the differences in parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes between college students from low-income and non-low-income families. The goal is to provide insights into their holistic development and psychological adaptation in diverse competitive environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,000 college students were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the <jats:italic>Egna Minnen Betr\u00e4ffande Uppfostran<\/jats:italic> questionnaire, and the Competitive Attitude Scale. Among them, 188 were identified as low-income students and 750 as non-low-income students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) Significant differences were observed between low-income and non-low-income students in parental emotional warmth and understanding, paternal denial and rejection, maternal favoritism, and malignant competitive attitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). (2) Parental emotional warmth and understanding were positively correlated with benign competitive attitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). (3) Parental rejection, denial, favoritism, and overprotection were negatively correlated with malignant competitive attitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). (4) Paternal punishment and strictness were positively correlated with malignant competitive attitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive parental rearing styles enhance the subjective well-being of low-income students and foster benign competitive attitudes, whereas negative parental rearing styles reduce well-being and promote excessive competitive tendencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1597721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T05:21:58Z","timestamp":1750742518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparative study on parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes among college students from different family income backgrounds"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Socioeconomic impacts: exploring relationships between parenting styles and emotional intelligence in ODD (Publication No. 6960)","year":"2019","author":"Afif","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood: a theory of development from the late teens through the twenties","volume":"55","author":"Arnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. 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