{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:47:11Z","timestamp":1789645631285,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression in later life is a pressing public health concern that is often comorbid with chronic illness and associated with substantial declines in psychological well-being. Drawing on the dual continua model of mental health, this study investigated the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between psychological well-being and depressive symptoms among older adults in the Baltic States. Using two waves of data (2019\/2020 and 2021\/2022) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we analyzed responses from 5,874 individuals aged 50 and above in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Psychological well-being was assessed using the CASP-12 scale, and depressive symptoms using the EURO-D scale. A cross-lagged panel model, adjusted for age, gender, and multimorbidity, revealed that both constructs were moderately stable over time and negatively associated in each wave. Notably, psychological well-being at baseline significantly predicted depressive symptoms 2\u202fyears later (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f\u22120.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), and depressive symptoms also predicted subsequent well-being (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f\u22120.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), suggesting a bidirectional relationship with stronger effects from well-being to depression. These findings support the dual continua model and underscore the importance of promoting psychological well-being to mitigate depression risk in ageing populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1649231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T05:35:25Z","timestamp":1759383325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal associations between psychological well-being and depressive symptoms among older adults in the Baltic states"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Antanas","family":"Kairys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vytautas","family":"Jurkuv\u0117nas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iluta","family":"Skr\u016bzkalne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vita","family":"Mikuli\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di\u0101na","family":"Kalni\u0146a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Zamalijeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66665-2","article-title":"Depression in the elderly","volume":"365","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2217240","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.17240","article-title":"Experiences of everyday ageism and the health of older US adults","volume":"5","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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