{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:34:10Z","timestamp":1777865650826,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is primarily characterized by differences in communication and social interaction, but motor impairments are also commonly observed, often emerging in early childhood. Understanding these motor characteristics may contribute to earlier identification and intervention. This study aimed to compare walking kinematics between autistic and non-autistic preschool-aged children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This observational cross-sectional study included 20 children aged 3 to 4\u202fyears (10 autistic and 10 non-autistic). Autism diagnoses were confirmed using DSM-5 criteria and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Gait data were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system with 41 passive markers as children walked independently over a 6-meter walkway at a self-selected speed. Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann\u2013Whitney U tests, and one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant differences were found between groups in spatiotemporal gait parameters. However, autistic children exhibited significantly greater hip abduction compared to non-autistic children at the beginning and end of the gait cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in frontal plane hip kinematics may reflect a gait motor \u201csignature\u201d associated with autism in early childhood. These findings support the potential use of motion analysis as a quantitative tool to aid early identification and intervention strategies for autistic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1652594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:09:16Z","timestamp":1777532956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kinematic gait differences in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liria Akie","family":"Okai-N\u00f3brega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Anam\u00ea Science and Technology in Children\u2019s Health","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiago Ribeiro Teles","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","place":["Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila Albuquerque","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa Cardoso dos Santos Couto","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB)","place":["Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Avelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Paes","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Brochado","family":"Campolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Rodrigues Esteves","family":"de Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Sports Sciences, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Marques","family":"de Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Romano","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani Camille","family":"Yehia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Eletrical Engineering School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Vilela Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Eletrical Engineering School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Pereira","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anam\u00ea Science and Technology in Children\u2019s Health","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Teixeira","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref7002","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. 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