{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:27:59Z","timestamp":1787027279257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is increasingly recognized as a potential early indicator of neurodegenerative disorders, yet its heterogeneous nature and lack of standardized screening tools complicate early detection and clinical management. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize a clinical SCD population and provide a preliminary contribution to the validation of a novel multidimensional screening battery, called MASCoD (Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Cognitive Decline).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 59 individuals (69.36\u202f\u00b1\u202f8.66, female: 71,2%) with self-reported SCD without objective cognitive impairment was recruited within two Centers for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia (CCDDs) in Northern Italy. Participants underwent a comprehensive assessment, including neurological assessment, neuropsychological testing, psychological screening, and administration of MASCoD. Convergent validity was assessed using the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI), and internal consistency was evaluated too. Correlations between MASCoD subscales, depressive and anxious symptoms, and cognitive performance were examined, alongside comparisons between short and long forms of anxiety and depression measures (GAD and PHQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample showed preserved cognitive performance across all domains, consistent with SCD diagnostic criteria. Mild depressive symptoms were present and significantly associated with SCD, explaining up to around 10% of the variance in SCD measures. MASCoD Section B demonstrated good internal consistency (KR-20\u202f=\u202f0.782) and the entire tool shows moderate-to-strong convergent validity with the CFI. Notably, comparisons between PHQ-2\/GAD-2 and their full-length versions indicated the brief tools may underestimate affective symptoms in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study offers a detailed clinical and cognitive profile of an older SCD population, emphasizing the psychological dimensions of subjective complaints which should be evaluated into routine cognitive screening to proposed targeted preventive and rehabilitation interventions. The preliminary validation of MASCoD supports its potential as a reliable and multidimensional screening tool for early SCD detection. However, limitations such as small sample size, cross-sectional design, and cultural specificity necessitate further validation studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1670551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T04:22:32Z","timestamp":1759983752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The interplay between cognitive and psychological factors in subjective cognitive decline: contribution to the validation of a new screening battery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Maffoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Pierobon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mafferra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Pasotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Dallocchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Chimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Torlaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Trifir\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cira","family":"Fundar\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05392-y","article-title":"The frontal assessment battery (FAB) and its sub-scales: validation and updated normative data in an Italian population sample","volume":"43","author":"Aiello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S396833","article-title":"Aging stigma and the health of US adults over 65: what do we know?","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610220001672","article-title":"Putting memory complaints in context matters","volume":"33","author":"Amariglio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Manuale diagnostico e statistico dei disturbi mentali \u2013 Quinta edizione, edizione rivista (DSM-5-TR).Tr.it","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102487","article-title":"The influence of education in predicting conversion from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to objective cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Arora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1139","article-title":"Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population","volume":"8","author":"Arroll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06958-8","article-title":"A new national survey of centers for cognitive disorders and dementias in Italy","volume":"45","author":"Bacigalupo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13107","article-title":"Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: the patient health questionnaire 2-item and generalized anxiety disorder 2-item","volume":"22","author":"Bisby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000156","article-title":"Phenomenological characterization of memory complaints in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Buckley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-016-9332-2","article-title":"Subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive function in aging: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of recent cross-sectional findings","volume":"26","author":"Burmester","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2011.589373","article-title":"Italian norms for the Freedman version of the clock drawing test","volume":"33","author":"Caffarra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200003","article-title":"Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: normative values in an Italian population sample","volume":"22","author":"Caffarra","year":"","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"111","article-title":"A short version of the Stroop test: normative data in an Italian population sample","volume":"12","author":"Caffarra","year":"","journal-title":"Nuova Riv. Neurol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-003-0185-0","article-title":"A normative study of a shorter version of raven's progressive matrices 1938","volume":"24","author":"Caffarra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6622","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13905","article-title":"Subjective cognitive decline: memory complaints, cognitive awareness, and metacognition","volume":"20","author":"Cappa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000117297","article-title":"The mental deterioration battery: normative data, diagnostic reliability and qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment","volume":"36","author":"Carlesimo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00629.x","article-title":"Setting cutoff scores: legal, psychometric, and professional issues and guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Cascio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3150-z","article-title":"The Italian version of cognitive function instrument (CFI): reliability and validity in a cohort of healthy elderly","volume":"39","author":"Chipi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1520-8","article-title":"Standardization and normative data obtained in the Italian population for a new verbal fluency instrument, the phonemic\/semantic alternate fluency test","volume":"35","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610292000991","article-title":"Assessment of memory complaint in age-associated memory impairment: the MAC-Q","volume":"4","author":"Crook","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000846","article-title":"The diagnostic usefulness of experimental memory tasks for detecting subjective cognitive decline: preliminary results in an Italian sample","volume":"37","author":"De Simone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06140-6","article-title":"A rank subdivision of equivalent score for enhancing neuropsychological test norms","volume":"43","author":"Facchin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05845-4","article-title":"Brand new norms for a good old test: northern Italy normative study of MiniMental state examination","volume":"43","author":"Foderaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00447-7","article-title":"European intersocietal recommendations for the biomarker-based diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders","volume":"23","author":"Frisoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2020.1830093","article-title":"Examination of the best cut-off points of PHQ-2 and GAD-2 for detecting depression and anxiety in Italian cardiovascular inpatients","volume":"36","author":"Giuliani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12250","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12250","article-title":"Cognitive screening with functional assessment improves diagnostic accuracy and attenuates bias","volume":"13","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496","article-title":"Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"42","author":"Gorelick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9863-7_1215","article-title":"Benjamini\u2013Hochberg Method","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of systems biology","author":"Haynes","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210230","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships between subjective cognitive decline and objective memory: depressive symptoms mediate between-person associations","volume":"83","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw091","article-title":"Subjective cognitive impairment and affective symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-7283-1-19","article-title":"Gender differences in subjective memory impairment in a general population: the HUNT study, Norway","volume":"1","author":"Holmen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000053","article-title":"Impact of hypertension on cognitive function: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"68","author":"Iadecola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-02018-y","article-title":"Evaluating measurement properties of subjective cognitive decline self-reported outcome measures: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ibnidris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30368-0","article-title":"The characterisation of subjective cognitive decline","volume":"19","author":"Jessen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.001","article-title":"A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Jessen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","article-title":"The patient health questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener","volume":"41","author":"Kroenke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.50.6.613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20471","article-title":"Abbreviated brief symptom inventory for use as an anxiety and depression screening instrument in primary care","volume":"26","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12804","article-title":"The use of subjective cognitive complaints for detecting mild cognitive impairment in older adults across cultural and linguistic groups: a comparison of the cognitive function instrument to the Montreal cognitive assessment","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921062","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.921062","article-title":"MASCoD-multidimensional assessment of subjective cognitive decline","volume":"13","author":"Maffoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201452","article-title":"Semantic memory as an early cognitive marker of Alzheimer's disease: role of category and phonological verbal fluency tasks","volume":"81","author":"Marra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04190.x","article-title":"Raven's colored progressive matrices: a normative study of a random sample of healthy adults","volume":"88","author":"Measso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.012","article-title":"Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies","volume":"13","author":"Molinuevo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12336","article-title":"Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older people with subjective memory complaints: meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5594","article-title":"Increased reporting of subjective cognitive complaints over time predicts cognitive decline and incident dementia","volume":"36","author":"Numbers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02333660","article-title":"Verbal and spatial immediate memory span: normative data from 1355 adults and 1112 children","volume":"8","author":"Orsini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ital. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01634-1","article-title":"Frequency, sociodemographic, and neuropsychological features of patients with subjective cognitive decline diagnosed using different neuropsychological criteria","volume":"16","author":"Pestana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res Ther"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161021800073X","article-title":"Italian version and normative data of Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III","volume":"31","author":"Pigliautile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005","article-title":"Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis","volume":"39","author":"Plummer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.223","article-title":"A major role for cardiovascular burden in age-related cognitive decline","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045136","article-title":"Subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Rabin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150154","article-title":"Subjective cognitive decline in older adults: an overview of self-report measures used across 19 international research studies","volume":"48","author":"Rabin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.06.006","article-title":"Memory complaint questionnaire performed poorly as screening tool: validation against psychometric tests and affective measures","volume":"65","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00734-y","article-title":"Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study","volume":"12","author":"R\u00f6hr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res Ther"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3673-y","article-title":"Regression-based normative data and equivalent scores for trail making test (TMT): an updated Italian normative study","volume":"40","author":"Siciliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.10.005","article-title":"Subjective cognitive complaints and mortality: does the type of complaint matter?","volume":"48","author":"Singh-Manoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210050117735","article-title":"Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: a questionnaire study","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Memory (Hove, England)"},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.10.003","article-title":"Subjective cognitive decline and rates of incident Alzheimer\u2019s disease and non-Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"15","author":"Slot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer\u2019s Association"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2018.11.003","article-title":"Psychometric properties and clinical utility of brief measures of depression, anxiety, and general distress: the PHQ-2, GAD-2, and K-6","volume":"56","author":"Staples","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.39","article-title":"Examining demographic factors, psychosocial wellbeing and cardiovascular health in subjective cognitive decline in the brain health registry cohort","volume":"11","author":"Tank","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prev Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref63","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12864","article-title":"Predictive ability of a simple subjective memory complaints scale for incident dementia: evaluation of Japan's national checklist, the \"Kihon checklist\"","volume":"17","author":"Tomata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642012DN06040004","article-title":"Memory complaint scale (MCS). Proposed tool for active systematic search","volume":"6","author":"Vale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S170","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213879.55547.57","article-title":"ADCS prevention instrument project: the mail-in cognitive function screening instrument (MCFSI)","volume":"20","author":"Walsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1081150","article-title":"Subjective memory complaints, mood and MCI: a follow-up study","volume":"21","author":"Yates","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2021.10.013","article-title":"Understanding help-seeking decisions in people with subjective cognitive decline: a systematic review of qualitative studies","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs. (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988714524628","article-title":"Cognitive complaints correlate with depression rather than concurrent objective cognitive impairment in the successful aging evaluation baseline sample","volume":"27","author":"Zlatar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbw207","article-title":"Subjective cognitive decline correlates with depression symptoms and not with concurrent objective cognition in a clinic-based sample of older adults","volume":"73","author":"Zlatar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1670551\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T04:22:34Z","timestamp":1759983754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1670551\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1670551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1670551","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"article-number":"1670551"}}