{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:55:03Z","timestamp":1785527703766,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates how climate change perception influences pro-environmental behavior\u2014on-site (park-specific) and off-site (daily life)\u2014among urban park visitors, focusing on the mediating role of place attachment (place identity, place dependence, and social bonding).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey was conducted with 351 adults engaging in walking and running at Namsan Park in Seoul. Measures included climate change perception, place attachment, and pro-environmental behaviors. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were used for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Climate change perception significantly predicted all three dimensions of place attachment. Place identity and social bonding mediated the relationship between climate change perception and both types of pro-environmental behavior. Place dependence was significantly associated with on-site, but not off-site, pro-environmental behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Place attachment serves as a key mechanism linking climate concern to sustainable actions in leisure settings. Strengthening emotional and social bonds to urban parks may enhance both localized and general pro-environmental behaviors, offering practical implications for urban sustainability strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1685855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T05:19:35Z","timestamp":1765430375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Climate change perception and pro-environmental behavior among urban park visitors: the mediating role of place attachment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jee In","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyoung","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyoun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Seo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Cognitive psychology and its implications","author":"Anderson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127103","article-title":"Place attachment through interaction with urban parks: a cross-cultural study","volume":"61","author":"Bazrafshan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07431-9","article-title":"Spillover effects in environmental behaviors: a scoping review about its antecedents, behaviors, and consequences","volume":"44","author":"Behn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Attachment theory","author":"Bowlby","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2024.102375","article-title":"Current research practices on pro-environmental behavior: a survey of environmental psychologists","volume":"97","author":"Brick","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.15709\/HSWR.2024.44.1.245","article-title":"Characteristics of climate anxiety in South Korea","volume":"44","author":"Chae","year":"2024","journal-title":"\ubcf4\uac74\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5f0\uad6c"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.014","article-title":"On the study of thermal comfort and perceptions of environmental features in urban parks: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"122","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01001","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202453601001","article-title":"Place attachment promotes pro-environmental behaviors: the mediating role of nature relatedness","volume":"536","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2014.965177","article-title":"How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/001391659803000402","article-title":"Social structural and social psychological bases of environmental concern","volume":"30","author":"Dietz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Monitoring sentiment for intra-European travel, wave 19 (June\u2013November 2024)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref9009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103023","article-title":"Projected behavioral impacts of global climate change","volume":"70","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G* power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800313","article-title":"Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/21582041.2014.890759","article-title":"Values, identity and pro-environmental behaviour","volume":"9","author":"Gatersleben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contemp. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"Hair","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2010.04.006","article-title":"Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors: the effect of place attachment","volume":"30","author":"Halpenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3390\/su8070644","article-title":"Tourists\u2019 environmentally responsible behavior in response to climate change and tourist experiences in nature-based tourism","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443","article-title":"Nature and health","volume":"35","author":"Hartig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424","article-title":"Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref21","author":"Jang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736914","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.736914","article-title":"Exploring the intra entrepreneurship-employee engagement-creativity linkage and the diverse effects of gender and marital status","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/ijec.2015100101","article-title":"Common method bias in PLS-SEM: a full collinearity assessment approach","volume":"11","author":"Kock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. e-Collab."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2007.10.008","article-title":"Determinants of restorative experiences in everyday favorite places","volume":"14","author":"Korpela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916504273044","article-title":"Testing the dimensionality of place attachment in recreational settings","volume":"37","author":"Kyle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(03)00047-1","article-title":"Effects of place attachment on users\u2019 perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting","volume":"24","author":"Kyle","year":"","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2004.11.001","article-title":"Linking place preferences with place meaning: an examination of the relationship between place motivation and place attachment","volume":"24","author":"Kyle","year":"","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2021.106977","article-title":"Do economic preferences predict pro-environmental behaviour?","volume":"183","author":"Lades","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref9008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920.2018.1447714","article-title":"Place-based pathways to proenvironmental behavior: Empirical evidence for a conservation\u2013recreation model","volume":"31","author":"Larson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Natur. Resour."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2011.610193","article-title":"How recreation involvement, place attachment, and conservation commitment affect environmentally responsible behavior","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2012.749930","article-title":"Service quality, relationship outcomes, and membership types in the hotel industry: a survey in Korea","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2728","article-title":"Predictors of public climate change awareness and risk perception around the world","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2012.11.002","article-title":"The influence of leisure involvement and place attachment on destination loyalty: evidence from recreationists walking their dogs in urban parks","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7192","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819989116","article-title":"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate","volume":"116","author":"Lelieveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Introduction to statistical mediation analysis","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2004.10.001","article-title":"The connectedness to nature scale: a measure of individuals\u2019 feeling in community with nature","volume":"24","author":"Mayer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7298","DOI":"10.3390\/su16177298","article-title":"How perceived proximity to climate change threats affects pro-environmental behaviors in South Korea?","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-021-01480-z","article-title":"Park visitors\u2019 place attachment and climate change-related displacement: potential shifts in who, where, and when","volume":"68","author":"Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref9011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2003.08.002","article-title":"The mismeasure of man (agement) and its implications for leadership research","volume":"14","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leadersh. Q."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100452","article-title":"Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it","volume":"63","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2017.1399988","article-title":"Motivational place attachment dimensions and the pro-environmental behaviour intention of mass tourists: a moderated mediation model","volume":"22","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.09.003","article-title":"Testing the dimensionality of place attachment and its relationships with place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviours: a structural equation modelling approach","volume":"36","author":"Ramkissoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref44","author":"Rankin","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2009.09.006","article-title":"Defining place attachment: a tripartite organizing framework","volume":"30","author":"Scannell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref46","author":"Son","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2018.07.012","article-title":"Types of place attachment and pro-environmental behaviors of urban residents in Beijing","volume":"84","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.104097","article-title":"Urban residents' environmental citizenship behaviour: the roles of place attachment, social norms and perceived environmental responsibility","volume":"132","author":"Soopramanien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916502034005001","article-title":"Toward a social psychology of place: predicting behavior from place-based cognitions, attitude, and identity","volume":"34","author":"Stedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2010.00647.x","article-title":"Explaining prosocial intentions: testing causal relationships in the norm activation model and the value\u2013belief\u2013norm theory","volume":"40","author":"Steg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00175","article-title":"Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior","volume":"56","author":"Stern","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Soc. Issues"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0290354","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290354","article-title":"Place attachment and perception of climate change as a threat in rural and urban areas","volume":"18","author":"Tenbrink","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01545-y","article-title":"Social norms and environmental behavior","volume":"13","author":"Th\u00f8gersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05163.x","article-title":"Pro-environmental behavior: rational choice meets moral motivation","volume":"1185","author":"Turaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2014.11.012","article-title":"The social-psychological determinants of climate change risk perceptions: towards a comprehensive model","volume":"41","author":"Van der Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2021.101652","article-title":"Development and validation of a climate change perceptions scale","volume":"76","author":"Van Valkengoed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2022.101795","article-title":"Pathways of place dependence and place identity influencing recycling in the extended theory of planned behavior","volume":"81","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32596-6","article-title":"The 2019 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate","volume":"394","author":"Watts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000266","article-title":"Effects and perceptions of weather, climate, and climate change on outdoor recreation and nature based tourism in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Wilkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Clim."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/forestscience\/49.6.830","article-title":"The measurement of place attachment: validity and generalizability of a psychometric approach","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"For. Sci."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237","article-title":"Sample size requirements for structural equation models: an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety","volume":"73","author":"Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338650","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2017.1399988","article-title":"Place attachment mediates links between pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among visitors to Mt. Bukhan National Park, South Korea","volume":"15","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.06.011","article-title":"Can positive and self-transcendent emotions promote sustainable behavior?","volume":"42","author":"Zelenski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2017.01.022","article-title":"Political orientation, environmental values, and climate change beliefs and attitudes: an empirical cross country analysis","volume":"63","author":"Ziegler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Econ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1685855\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T05:19:37Z","timestamp":1765430377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1685855\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1685855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1685855","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"article-number":"1685855"}}