{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:50:21Z","timestamp":1766040621814,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A balanced psychological wellbeing and healthy lifestyle\u2014which includes regular physical activity and the prevention of alcohol and tobacco use\u2014are relevant for neuropsychological functioning. We aimed to analyze the association between adolescent psychological wellbeing, physical activity, and ever having used alcohol and tobacco with neuropsychological principal components (PC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional research used the baseline data from a sample of 523 healthy adolescents enrolled in the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial from Barcelona. We performed principal components analysis (PCA) to determine neuropsychological PC using working memory, fluid intelligence, emotional recognition, risky decision-making and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between psychological wellbeing, physical activity, and ever used alcohol and tobacco with neuropsychological PC. Regression models were adjusted by child sex, age, maternal education, and socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two neuropsychological PC, \u201cADHD symptoms\u201d and \u201chot executive function,\u201d were identified in PCA analyses (eigenvalues &amp;gt; 1.0). Psychological wellbeing showed an inverse association with the \u201cADHD symptoms\u201d PC (\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.04, CI = \u22120.07, \u22120.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = &amp;lt; 0.001). Ever having consumed alcohol (\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.26, CI = 0.07, 0.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.006) and ever having smoked (\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.66, CI = 0.42, 0.90,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = &amp;lt; 0.001) were positively associated with \u201cADHD symptoms\u201d PC. Moderate to vigorous physical activity during leisure time was positively associated with the \u201chot executive functions\u201d PC (\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.17,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.041).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our main results suggest that less psychological wellbeing, as well as ever having used alcohol or tobacco, was associated with \u201cADHD symptoms\u201d PC. Physical activity might have a direct association with \u201chot executive functions\u201d PC in a healthy adolescent sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1692251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:45:34Z","timestamp":1766040334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the interplay of neuropsychological functions, psychological wellbeing, and lifestyle through principal component analysis: a comprehensive study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Ayala-Aldana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ruiz-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"Pinar-Mart\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"L\u00f3pez-Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oren","family":"Contreras-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Julvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001396","article-title":"Working memory development from early childhood to adolescence using two nationally representative samples","volume":"58","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. 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