{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:11:03Z","timestamp":1791202263598,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes were among the most devastating disasters in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s history, leaving millions affected and exposing survivors to elevated risks of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. While numerous psychological interventions have been deployed in the aftermath, their effectiveness for this population has not been systematically evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered to adult survivors of the Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes, with a focus on PTSD, depression, and anxiety outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251102991). Eligible studies were randomized or quasi-experimental trials assessing structured psychological interventions (e.g., trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy [TF-CBT], psychoeducation, spiritually integrated approaches, telepsychiatry, and virtual reality\u2013based programs) among earthquake-exposed adults. Primary outcomes were PTSD, depression, and anxiety, measured with validated instruments. Random-effects models were used to pool effect sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine peer-reviewed studies (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 435 participants) were identified. Interventions included TF-CBT, Islamic TF-CBT, spiritually oriented logotherapy, VR-based trauma therapy, CBT-based psychoeducation, and telepsychiatry. Meta-analyses indicated large pooled effects favoring interventions: PTSD (Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22122.6, 95% CI [\u22124.0, \u22121.3]), depression (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22121.27, 95% CI [\u22121.73, \u22120.81]), and anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22121.18, 95% CI [\u22121.55, \u22120.82]). Benefits were consistent across individual, group, and online formats. Culturally adapted approaches appeared to produce meaningful improvements, although the evidence is limited. Follow-up assessments across studies ranged widely (1\u201312 months). Short-term follow-up data (1\u20133 months) generally indicated maintained symptom reductions, whereas evidence from longer-term follow-up (6\u201312 months) was limited to a small number of studies and should therefore be interpreted cautiously.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structured psychological interventions\u2013especially trauma-focused CBT, culturally adapted therapies, and psychoeducation\u2013significantly alleviated PTSD, depression, and anxiety among adult survivors of the Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes. Group-based and telehealth modalities proved feasible and effective, expanding access when in-person services were disrupted. Despite promising results, evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity, and short follow-up. Future research should address long-term outcomes, functional recovery, and broader populations, including children and first responders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420251102991<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD42025837569\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1696103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T14:39:56Z","timestamp":1765982396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of psychological interventions for adult survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Metin","family":"\u00c7\u0131naro\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9531.131886","article-title":"Use of telemedicine in disaster and remote places.","volume":"3","author":"Ajami","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Promot."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"204","article-title":"1999 Marmara earthquakes a review on epidemiologic findings and community mental health policies.","volume":"17","author":"Aker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.051","article-title":"Culturally adapted psychotherapies for depressed adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"278","author":"Anik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0953-4","article-title":"Leveraging technology in post-disaster settings: the role of digital health\/telemental health.","volume":"20","author":"Augusterfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.09.005","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of exposure in group cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"33","author":"Barrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023626","article-title":"Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: a direct-comparison meta-analysis.","volume":"58","author":"Benish","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Counsel. Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01447045","article-title":"Ecological validity and cultural sensitivity for outcome research: issues for the cultural adaptation and development of psychosocial treatments with Hispanics.","volume":"23","author":"Bernal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2023.106283","article-title":"Earthquakes and mental health.","volume":"169","author":"Bertinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Groups.","author":"Bieling","year":"2022"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000090","article-title":"Outcome differences between individual and group formats when identical and nonidentical treatments, patients, and doses are compared: A 25-year meta-analytic perspective.","volume":"53","author":"Burlingame","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2025.2486503","article-title":"The effect of psychoeducation on hope, loneliness and depression of nursing students who experienced 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake.","volume":"30","author":"\u00c7akmak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline.","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11472","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07986-7","article-title":"The effect of cognitive behavior approach-based psycoeducation on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and levels of negative emotional symptoms of emerging adults with earthquake experience: randomized controlled trial.","volume":"44","author":"\u00c7apar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/scp0000401","article-title":"Comparing the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Islamic trauma-focused CBT in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Muslim earthquake survivors.","author":"\u00c7\u0131naro\u011flu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spirit Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21901-6","article-title":"Psychological impact of the 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes on non-victims: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"25","author":"\u00c7\u0131naro\u011flu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19736-8","article-title":"The effect of earthquake exposure on PTSD symptoms is mediated by intrusive rumination and moderated by gender: a cross-sectional study on the 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquake survivors.","volume":"24","author":"\u00c7itak","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0891-9","article-title":"The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X17007105","article-title":"Health outcomes for children in Haiti since the 2010 earthquake: a systematic review.","volume":"33","author":"Dube","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903241257631","article-title":"Investigation of posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in children who experienced the Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquake.","volume":"31","author":"D\u00fcken","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurs. Assoc."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2016-0029","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication.","volume":"39","author":"Farooqui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103225","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an earthquake experience: a cross-sectional survey of Wenchuan earthquake victims with physical disabilities 10 years later.","volume":"80","author":"Fong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61061097","article-title":"Post-Earthquake PTSD and the role of telepsychiatry: a six-month follow-up study after the 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes.","volume":"61","author":"Gareayaghi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02759-x","article-title":"Earthquake-related stressors associated with suicidality, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress in adolescents from Muisne after the earthquake 2016 in Ecuador.","volume":"20","author":"Gerstner","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.04.053","article-title":"Longitudinal study of PTSD, depression, and quality of life among adolescents after the Parnitha earthquake.","volume":"133","author":"Goenjian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.9769\/EPJ.2012.4.2.JPH","article-title":"Post-earthquake rehabilitation of clinical PTSD in Haitian seminarians.","volume":"4","author":"Gurret","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Psychol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001743","article-title":"Systematic review of psychotherapies and meta-analysis of cognitive behavior therapy and narrative exposure therapy for treating earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder.","author":"Haktanir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma."},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 6.3).","author":"Higgins","year":"2023"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress.","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/1464-0597.00062","article-title":"The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: advancing conservation of resources theory.","volume":"50","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015585313","article-title":"Systematic review on post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake.","volume":"17","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma Viol. Abuse"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2025.10345","article-title":"Efficacy of psychological interventions for adult PTSD in reducing comorbid depression: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","author":"Hoppen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.411","article-title":"Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder following the earthquake in Iran and Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Hosseinnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disaster Med. Public Health Prepared."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-023-00526-x","article-title":"The effect of online cognitive behavioral group counseling on anxiety, depression, stress and resilience in mara\u015f-centered earthquake survivors.","volume":"42","author":"\u0130me","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Rational Emot. Cogn. Behav. Therapy"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.22559\/folklor.3823","article-title":"An examination of post-earthquake anxiety levels in individuals affected by the 6 February 2023, Kahramanmara\u015f-Centred Earthquake.","volume":"30","author":"\u0130skifo\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Folklor\/Edebiyat"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v49i12.4815","article-title":"The prevalence of suicidal ideation after the earthquake: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"49","author":"Jahangiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000163","article-title":"Integrating mental health and disaster preparedness in intervention: a randomized controlled trial with earthquake and flood-affected communities in Haiti.","volume":"50","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.29399\/npa.28568","article-title":"Virtual reality supported intervention program for trauma symptoms of individuals who experienced an earthquake: an effectiveness study.","volume":"61","author":"Kafes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10258-w","article-title":"Earthquake anxiety and sleep quality among adolescent survivors 9\u201312 months after the great earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"15","author":"Kahraman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45763","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.22m14377","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of earthquake survivors: Long-term study on the course of PTSD following a natural disaster.","volume":"84","author":"Karamustafal\u0131o\u011flu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072297","article-title":"Health-related rehabilitation after the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake in China: a ten year retrospective systematic review.","volume":"17","author":"Kimuli Balikuddembe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cresp.2024.100197","article-title":"A meta-analysis on treatment efficacy of psychological interventions for mental disorders in individuals exposed to natural disasters.","volume":"6","author":"Kip","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Ecol. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e301357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2024-301357","article-title":"Prevention of mental disorders after exposure to natural hazards: a meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Kip","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Ment. Health"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-024-02183-5","article-title":"Spiritual meaning making and trauma recovery: evaluation of a psycho-social intervention for earthquake survivors in Turkey.","volume":"64","author":"K\u0131z\u0131lge\u00e7it","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Religion Health"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2014.899203","article-title":"Religious and cultural aspects of psychotherapy in Muslim patients from tradition-oriented societies.","volume":"26","author":"Kizilhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2017.07.018","article-title":"Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-disaster distress in post-traumatic stress symptoms after Chilean earthquake and tsunami.","volume":"32","author":"Leiva-Bianchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109013","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109013","article-title":"Systematic review of the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy related treatments for victims of natural disasters: a worldwide problem.","volume":"9","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.07.047","article-title":"Long-term effects of early stress due to earthquake exposure on depression symptoms in adulthood: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"54","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000070","article-title":"Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis.","volume":"50","author":"Mavranezouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000774","article-title":"Impact and efficiency of treatment across two PTSD clinical trials comparing in-person and telehealth service delivery formats.","volume":"21","author":"McGeary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Serv."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31955","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06673-3","article-title":"Counselors\u2019 assessment of psycho-social work in post-earthquake disaster zones: Kahramanmara\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye.","volume":"43","author":"Mutlu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89642","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.89642","article-title":"Scoping review of PTSD treatments for natural disaster survivors.","volume":"11","author":"Nanduri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.8.3.157","article-title":"The effectiveness of EMDR in reducing psychological distress in survivors of natural disasters: a review.","volume":"8","author":"Natha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. EMDR Pract. Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0310233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310233","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors in the aftermath of the 2015 earthquake in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"20","author":"Paudel","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100677","article-title":"Identifying core competencies for remote delivery of psychological interventions: a rapid review.","volume":"74","author":"Pedersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103615","article-title":"The effectiveness of post-disaster psychotherapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.","volume":"85","author":"Semerci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12920","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12920","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, stress, and job performance among Turkish nurses in the early post-earthquake period.","volume":"72","author":"Sert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Nurs. Rev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fdaf102","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaf102","article-title":"The impact of comprehensive group interventions on the psychological health in university students after the Kahramanmaras-centered earthquake on 6 February 2023.","volume":"47","author":"Sezgin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-021-09928-5","article-title":"Post-earthquake self-reported depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder and their correlates among college-youths in Kathmandu, Nepal.","volume":"92","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Q."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-86757-6_11","article-title":"Exploring Natural Hazards: From Earthquakes, Floods, and Beyond","volume-title":"Atmospheric Perspectives: Unveiling Earth\u2019s Environmental Challenges","author":"Spiridonov","year":"2025"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions.","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12794.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e12794","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in medical workers involved in earthquake response: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Tahernejad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121537","article-title":"A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and children after earthquakes.","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.044","article-title":"Impact of earthquake exposure, family adversity and peer problems on anxiety-related emotional disorders in adolescent survivors three years after the Ya\u2019an earthquake.","volume":"273","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-024-06890-w","article-title":"The aftermath of 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes: Evaluation of strong motion data, geotechnical, building, and infrastructure issues.","volume":"121","author":"Toprak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-025-00232-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of religiously adapted brief cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after an earthquake: a quasi-experimental study.","volume":"18","author":"Toprak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Cognit. Behav. Ther."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5080\/u25892","article-title":"The relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and anxiety level, perceived stress, anxiety sensitivity and coping with earthquake stress in post-earthquake acute stress disorder patients.","volume":"32","author":"U\u011fur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.784","article-title":"Psychological interventions for adult earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Woods","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4453663","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4453663","article-title":"Comorbidity patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms: cross-validation in two postearthquake child and adolescent samples.","volume":"2023","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5080\/u27305","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic mental health care after the earthquake-expert opinion from the Psychiatric Association of Turkey.","volume":"34","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002844","article-title":"Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China.","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1696103\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T14:39:57Z","timestamp":1765982397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1696103\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1696103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1696103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"article-number":"1696103"}}