{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:55:16Z","timestamp":1789052116940,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both physical activity (PA) and sports participation (SP) are considered important for the promotion of health among adults in the post-disease outbreak period. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study applied the Socio-ecological Model, with a total of 45 factors on four levels: individual characteristics, individual behaviors, interpersonal relationships, and community environment. The aim was to apply interpretable machine learning algorithms in the examination of common and distinct determinants of PA and SP with the purpose of deriving specific insights relevant to public health policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the comparable but different patterns of behavior regarding PA and SP, this research used the Chinese General Social Survey of 2021 with a sample of N = 2,717 participants. Eight machine learning models were designed with the aid of Python coding, including the following models: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting Model (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting. As part of evaluating these models' performance, Accuracy, Area Under the Curve (AUC), and the F1-score results were used after executing the grid search on the models' respective variables. The Permutation Feature Importance method was used to quantify factor importance and identify key factors, and Partial Dependence Plots were generated to interpret the direction of these influences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed that the best algorithm for predicting PA was the RF with an AUC of 0.613 and that it selected 10 key factors. Additionally, the best algorithm that predicted SP was XGBoost with an AUC of 0.772, and it selected 12 key factors. Common influencing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic include suitability for exercise and recreational lifestyle, with BMI category also playing a significant role. Distinctive factors of PA were primarily related to the community environment (e.g., fresh food outlets and neighborhood care), reflecting its dependence on environmental contexts. In contrast, distinctive factors of SP were more concentrated at the individual characteristics (e.g., education level and socioeconomic status) and behaviors level (e.g., learning and health examination), highlighting the role of personal initiative and the accumulation of socio-cultural and economic capital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Socio-ecological Model effectively delineated commonalities as well as differences in determinants of PA and SP across adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretable machine learning aided in identifying and ranking multi-level determinants, offering a nuanced insight into the relative importance across levels of ecology. These findings provide data-driven insights for future disease outbreaks, facilitating the targeted allocation of intervention resources to key influencing domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1701201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:52:25Z","timestamp":1767768745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-level determinants of physical activity and sports participation among adults during COVID-19 pandemic: an interpretable machine learning approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092814","article-title":"150 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week predicts survival and successful ageing: a population-based 11-year longitudinal study of 12 201 older Australian men","volume":"48","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9935971","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9935971","article-title":"Enhancing awareness of physical activity guidelines among Saudi college students: the 150 minutes program","volume":"2024","author":"Alshehri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Public Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-025-02148-0","article-title":"Harnessing machine learning to investigate the socio-demographic determinants of sports habits in italy","volume":"59","author":"Antolini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qual. Quant"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-11-37","article-title":"The contribution of walking to work to adult physical activity levels: a cross sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Audrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Physi. Activity"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0239378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239378","article-title":"The path to international medals: a supervised machine learning approach to explore the impact of coach-led sport-specific and non-specific practice","volume":"15","author":"Barth","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12169","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12169","article-title":"Change in modifiable dementia risk factors during covid-19 lockdown: the experience of over 50s in tasmania, australia","volume":"7","author":"Bartlett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800885","article-title":"Genetic determinants of sports participation and daily physical activity","volume":"23","author":"Beunen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2753\/CSA2162-0555450104","article-title":"The chinese general social survey (2003-8) sample designs and data evaluation","volume":"45","author":"Bian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Sociol. Rev"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0467","article-title":"The pitch invader\u2013covid-19 canceled the game: what can science do for us, and what can the pandemic do for science?","volume":"15","author":"Bok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066X.32.7.513","article-title":"Toward an experimental ecology of human development","volume":"32","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. Psychol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2005.10807320","article-title":"Physical activity, sports participation, and suicidal behaviors: a literature review","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World health organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2022-0002","article-title":"Do the body weight perception and body mass index affect the participation of exercise?","volume":"14","author":"Can","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Human Kinetics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399211013005","article-title":"\u201cIt'sa whole different atmosphere\u201d: a qualitative examination of social support as a facilitator of exercise during the covid-19 pandemic","volume":"22","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot. Pract"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3390\/math10081283","article-title":"Mitigating the multicollinearity problem and its machine learning approach: a review","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-025-01621-4","article-title":"Exploring the multi-level correlates of sports participation among chinese adults based on ecological models and hierarchical regression: evidence from national survey dataset","volume":"83","author":"Chao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Public Health"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s44167-022-00009-x","article-title":"A public health milestone: China publishes new physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Activity, Sedent. Sleep Behav"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785","article-title":"\u201cXgboost: a scalable tree boosting system,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18083966","article-title":"Does physical activity predict obesity\u2013a machine learning and statistical method-based analysis","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682287","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.682287","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning in sport research: an introduction for non-data scientists","volume":"3","author":"Chmait","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Sports Active Living"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0642-3","article-title":"Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) for assessing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour of older adults in the united kingdom","volume":"18","author":"Cleland","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022627411411","article-title":"Support-vector networks","volume":"20","author":"Cortes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mach. Learn"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.x","article-title":"The regression analysis of binary sequences","volume":"20","author":"Cox","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Royal Statist. Soc. Series B: Statist. Methodol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2024.102609","article-title":"Facilitators and constraints to adult sports participation: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Crossman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S257844","article-title":"Sustainable development goals, sports and physical activity: the localization of health-related sustainable development goals through sports in china: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Risk Managem. Healthc. Policy"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12382","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12382","article-title":"The relationship between leisure-time physical activity and job satisfaction: a dynamic panel data approach","volume":"65","author":"Dallmeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1887369","article-title":"Personalized machine learning approach to injury monitoring in elite volleyball players","volume":"22","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1918962","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18962","article-title":"Comparison of machine learning methods with traditional models for use of administrative claims with electronic medical records to predict heart failure outcomes","volume":"3","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02399-5","article-title":"Eating habits and lifestyle changes during covid-19 lockdown: an italian survey","volume":"18","author":"Di Renzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601577","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1601577","article-title":"Analysis of key factors and equity in influenza vaccination among chinese adults-evidence from a large national cross-sectional survey","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02264-8","article-title":"The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults: a systematic review and the \u2018mental health through sport' conceptual model","volume":"12","author":"Eather","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst. Rev"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2156-9","article-title":"The contribution of sport participation to overall health enhancing physical activity levels in australia: a population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Eime","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-022-00435-z","article-title":"The impact of covid-19 restrictions on Australians' frequency and duration of participation in different types of sport and physical activity","volume":"14","author":"Eime","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12647","article-title":"The relationship of sport participation to provision of sports facilities and socioeconomic status: a geographical analysis","volume":"41","author":"Eime","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-98","article-title":"A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport","volume":"10","author":"Eime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activ"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/11\/2191","article-title":"A random forest classifier for the prediction of energy expenditure and type of physical activity from wrist and hip accelerometers","volume":"35","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1992885","article-title":"Stay home and stay active? The impact of stay-at-home restrictions on physical activity routines in the uk during the covid-19 pandemic","volume":"40","author":"Eshelby","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.26.110.10409","article-title":"Application of the socio-ecological model to predict physical activity behaviour among nigerian university students","volume":"26","author":"Essiet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22415","article-title":"Missing the missing values: the ugly duckling of fairness in machine learning","volume":"36","author":"Fernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Intellig. Syst"},{"key":"B42","unstructured":"All models are wrong, but many are useful: Learning a variable's importance by studying an entire class of prediction models simultaneously\n          \n          1\n          81\n          \n            \n              Fisher\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Rudin\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Dominici\n              F.\n            \n          \n          34335110\n          J. Mach. Learn. Res\n          20\n          2019"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-59119-2_166","article-title":"\u201cA desicion-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting,\u201d","volume-title":"European Conference on Computational Learning Theory","author":"Freund","year":"1995"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Statist"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2404783","article-title":"What explains adolescents' physical activity and sports participation during the covid-19 pandemic?-an interpretable machine learning approach","volume":"42","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/01634437241291467","article-title":"Young adults' perceptions of entertainment consumption in their everyday lives during the covid-19 pandemic: Negotiating versatility, emotions, and agency in times of limited choice","volume":"47","author":"Ganter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Media, Cult. Soc"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.9.2.163","article-title":"Differences in occupational, transportation, domestic, and leisure-time physical activities: do geographical location and socio-cultural status matter?","volume":"9","author":"Gauthier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Activity Health"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teler.2023.100074","article-title":"Who are the gamers? Profiling adult gamers using machine learning approaches","volume":"11","author":"Gosztonyi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Telem. Inform. Reports"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3236009","article-title":"A survey of methods for explaining black box models","volume":"51","author":"Guidotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM comp. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471658","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1471658","article-title":"How watching sports events empowers people's sense of wellbeing? The role of chain mediation in social interaction and emotional experience","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.12.007","article-title":"Habit and physical activity: theoretical advances, practical implications, and agenda for future research","volume":"42","author":"Hagger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-023-10179-8","article-title":"Interpreting black-box models: a review on explainable artificial intelligence","volume":"16","author":"Hassija","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cognit. Comput"},{"key":"B53","unstructured":"Statistical measurement and spatial-temporal effect analysis on basic public service development level in China\n          \n          112\n          128\n          \n            \n              He\n              J.\n            \n            \n              He\n              H.\n            \n          \n          J. Statist. Inform\n          39\n          2024"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11556-010-0076-3","article-title":"Life-course perspective for physical activity and sports participation","volume":"8","author":"Hirvensalo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Activity"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/02614367.2023.2243652","article-title":"Bouncing back or staying inactive? The social inequality in sport participation before, during and after the covid-pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Hoekman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leisure Stud"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309824","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1309824","article-title":"Socioecological influencers of health-promoting lifestyles in Chinese: a preliminary survey using convenient samples","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.70","article-title":"The association of bmi with functional status and self-rated health in us adults","volume":"16","author":"Imai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414837","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1414837","article-title":"Tendencies and characteristics of public fitness behavior in the digital era: an internet ethnography study based on the K community in China","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B59","unstructured":"A survey on public leisure and recreation in the new era\n          \n          112\n          117\n          \n            \n              Jia\n              X.\n            \n          \n          People's Tribune\n          9\n          2020"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104139","article-title":"Impact of sports participation on life satisfaction among internal migrants in China: the chain mediating effect of social interaction and self-efficacy","volume":"243","author":"Kan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"key":"B61","article-title":"\u201cLightGBM: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree,\u201d","author":"Ke","year":"2017"},{"key":"B62","first-page":"77","article-title":"Sport involvement: a conceptual go and some consequences thereof","volume":"14","author":"Kenyon","year":"1969","journal-title":"Sociol. Sport"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0873-7","article-title":"The neighborhood social environment and physical activity: a systematic scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Kepper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activ"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000737","volume":"26","author":"Kercher","year":"2022"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3991\/ijim.v18i21.50553","article-title":"E-sport engagement prediction using machine learning classification algorithms","volume":"18","author":"Khir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Mobile Technol"},{"key":"B66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender differences in body mass index, body weight perception and weight loss strategies among undergraduates in universiti malaysia sarawak","volume":"17","author":"Kuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malays. J. Nutr"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.03.006","article-title":"Socio-economic inequalities in physical activity among Japanese adults during the covid-19 pandemic","volume":"207","author":"Kyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.12.009","article-title":"The role of the built environment in promoting movement and physical activity across the lifespan: Implications for public health","volume":"64","author":"Laddu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125241229877","article-title":"Psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity in Korean adults","volume":"131","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2024.2343815","article-title":"A data-driven approach to predicting recreational activity participation using machine learning","volume":"95","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622929","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.622929","article-title":"Understanding of physical activity in social ecological perspective: application of multilevel model","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2603_02","article-title":"Classification and regression tree analysis in public health: methodological review and comparison with logistic regression","volume":"26","author":"Lemon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1418810","article-title":"Sports participation, physical activity, and health in the european regions","volume":"36","author":"Lera-L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.3390\/su15054203","article-title":"Chinese path to sports modernization: fitness-for-all (Chinese) and a development model for developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1912.06059","article-title":"Grid search, random search, genetic algorithm: a big comparison for NAS","author":"Liashchynskyi","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069219","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1069219","article-title":"A study on the effects of health behavior and sports participation on female college students' body mass index and healthy promoting lifestyle","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41496-5","article-title":"Building a prediction model of college students' sports behavior based on machine learning method: combining the characteristics of sports learning interest and sports autonomy","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2024.101757","article-title":"Associations between neighborhood environments and health status among Chinese older people during the pandemic: exploring mediation effects of physical activity","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/15396754241270373","article-title":"The impact of perceived walking environment on social support for older adults","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Chinese Public Admin. Rev"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-023-02064-4","article-title":"The impact of sports participation on individuals' subjective well-being: the mediating role of class identity and health","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-020-00216-2","article-title":"The association between spatial access to physical activity facilities within home and workplace neighborhoods and time spent on physical activities: evidence from Guangzhou, China","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Geogr"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11159-020-09843-0","article-title":"Adult learning and education as a tool to contain pandemics: the covid-19 experience","volume":"66","author":"Lopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Educ"},{"key":"B83","first-page":"123","article-title":"Lessons from the covid-19 pandemic for lifelong learning","volume":"61","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. J. Adult Learn"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13573320802444945","article-title":"Taking exercise: cultural diversity and physically active lifestyles","volume":"14","author":"Macdonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sport, Educ. Soc"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682233","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.682233","article-title":"What is moderate to vigorous exercise intensity?","volume":"12","author":"MacIntosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33475","article-title":"Role of physical activity on mental health and well-being: a review","volume":"15","author":"Mahindru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7050127","article-title":"Physical activity and sports\u2014real health benefits: a review with insight into the public health of sweden","volume":"7","author":"Malm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1976569","article-title":"Changes in physical activity during the initial stages of the covid-19 pandemic","volume":"40","author":"Mason","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23701","DOI":"10.2196\/23701","article-title":"Physical activity behavior before, during, and after covid-19 restrictions: longitudinal smartphone-tracking study of adults in the united kingdom","volume":"23","author":"McCarthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401","article-title":"An ecological perspective on health promotion programs","volume":"15","author":"McLeroy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Educ. Q"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S258660","article-title":"Physical inactivity, non-communicable diseases and national fitness plan of china for physical activity","author":"Menhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk management and healthcare policy"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/09548963.2012.726795","article-title":"Understanding participation in culture and sport: Mixing methods, reordering knowledges","volume":"21","author":"Miles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cult. Trends"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090899","article-title":"Can a single question provide an accurate measure of physical activity?","volume":"47","author":"Milton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01145-2","article-title":"The effects of continuous compared to accumulated exercise on health: a meta-analytic review","volume":"49","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_157_21","article-title":"Global implications of covid-19 pandemic on adults' lifestyle behavior: the invisible pandemic of noncommunicable disease","volume":"14","author":"Musa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med"},{"key":"B96","unstructured":"Sampling Design of the Chinese General Social Survey"},{"key":"B97","unstructured":"Study Design of the Chinese General Social Survey"},{"key":"B98","unstructured":"The 2021 Annual Survey Data of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) Has Been Publicly Released\n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03031853.2011.625271","article-title":"Predisposed to participate? The influence of family socio-economic background on children's sports participation and daily amount of physical activity","volume":"15","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sport Soc"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.15561\/20755279.2021.0501","article-title":"The relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity level and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the covid-19 pandemic","volume":"25","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Educ. Stud"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13205","article-title":"Does organized sport participation during youth predict healthy habits in adulthood? A 28-year longitudinal study","volume":"28","author":"Palom\u00e4ki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e19","article-title":"Association of participation in health check-ups with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100964","article-title":"Barriers to physical activity for adults in rural and urban canada: a cross-sectional comparison","volume":"16","author":"Pelletier","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM-Population Health"},{"key":"B104","first-page":"58","article-title":"Can participation in exercise inhibit pension anxiety?\u2014empirical evidence from cgss data","volume":"44","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Sport Sci"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1123\/ssj.24.4.378","article-title":"Does sport foster social capital? The contribution of sport to a lifestyle of community participation","volume":"24","author":"Perks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sociol. Sport J"},{"key":"B106","first-page":"47","article-title":"A social-ecological analysis of barriers to sports and other forms of physical activity for female university students in china","volume":"18","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Budo"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022643204877","article-title":"Induction of decision trees","volume":"1","author":"Quinlan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mach. Learn"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.17509\/ijert.v3i3.78039","article-title":"Trends in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in increasing physical activity","volume":"3","author":"Rahayu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indones. J. Educ. Res. Technol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100","article-title":"An ecological approach to creating active living communities","volume":"27","author":"Sallis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"B110","first-page":"43","article-title":"Ecological models of health behavior","volume":"5","author":"Sallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Behav.: Theory, Res. Pract"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15420","article-title":"Physical activity during covid-19 quarantine","volume":"109","author":"Shahidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.04.019","article-title":"Role of fairness, accountability, and transparency in algorithmic affordance","volume":"98","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1590\/1517-8692202127042021_0105","article-title":"Research on influencing factors of adolescents' sports health behaviors in social ecology","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1469-0292(02)00014-6","article-title":"Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity","volume":"4","author":"Spence","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105159","article-title":"Small steps, strong shield: directly measured, moderate physical activity in 65 361 adults is associated with significant protective effects from severe covid-19 outcomes","volume":"56","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr597","article-title":"Missforest\u2014non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data","volume":"28","author":"Stekhoven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1232","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00150-5","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 507 population-based surveys with 5\u00b77 million participants","volume":"12","author":"Strain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000435708.67487.da","article-title":"Guide to the assessment of physical activity: clinical and research applications: a scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"128","author":"Strath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00575-5","article-title":"Adolescent participation in sports and adult physical activity","volume":"24","author":"Tammelin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10901-023-10076-4","article-title":"Neighborly help and neighborhood-based social capital during the covid-19 pandemic in major chinese cities","author":"Terbeck","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hous. Built Environm"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00081-4","article-title":"Bmi, leisure-time physical activity, and physical fitness in adults in china: results from a series of national surveys, 2000-14","volume":"4","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599632","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire for assessing walking","volume":"81","author":"van der Ploeg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2020-0713","article-title":"The influence of social support specific to physical activity on physical activity among college and university students: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Van Luchene","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Activity Health"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1360-z","article-title":"\u2018there are alternatives, but your social life is curtailed': Poverty and sports participation from an insider perspective","volume":"133","author":"Vandermeerschen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/19406940.2023.2178479","article-title":"Closed due to covid-19: Effects of indoor sports restrictions on suburban adults' physical activity behaviours","volume":"15","author":"Virmasalo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Policy Polit"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/19406940.2022.2127835","article-title":"Evidence of the impact of sport policies on physical activity and sport participation: a systematic mixed studies review","volume":"14","author":"Volf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Policy Polit"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17145136","article-title":"Providing sports venues on mainland china: Implications for promoting leisure-time physical activity and national fitness policies","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4580589","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4580589","article-title":"Physical activity level and social-ecological influence factors in chinese information technology professionals: A cross-sectional study","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"B129","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on sports participation among college students in china: a social-ecological perspective","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda del Deporte"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051351","article-title":"Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence","volume":"174","author":"Warburton","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650402500310","article-title":"Who global strategy on diet, physical activity and health","volume":"25","author":"Waxman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull"},{"key":"B132","unstructured":"Global Status Report On Physical Activity 2022\n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7409857","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7409857","article-title":"Exploring the mechanism analysis of men's retirement and physical activity participation based on the iv-probit model","volume":"2022","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathem. Prob. Eng"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042250","article-title":"Changes in physical activity patterns due to the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wunsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01372","article-title":"Social-ecological analysis of the factors influencing shanghai adolescents' table tennis skills: A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5426-5","article-title":"Sociodemographic and physical predictors of non-participation in community based physical checkup among older neighbors: a case-control study from the kyoto-kameoka longitudinal study, japan","volume":"18","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B137","first-page":"75","article-title":"Ecological model of physical activity and its application in sport field","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Wuhan Sports Univer"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0250770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250770","article-title":"Disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment and their associations with psychological impacts under the stress of the covid-19 pandemic: a survey in 5854 chinese people with different sociodemographic backgrounds","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.57239\/PJLSS-2025-23.1.00602","article-title":"The effect of sports health awareness on college students' planned sports participation","volume":"23","author":"Yanmin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pakist. J. Life"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.06.010","article-title":"Associations between individual and environmental factors and habitual physical activity among older chinese adults: a social-ecological perspective","volume":"5","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12482","article-title":"The effect of general health checks on healthcare utilization: accounting for self-selection bias","volume":"183","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Royal Statist. Soc. Series A: Statist. Soc"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21582440251382625","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440251382625","article-title":"How government investment influence the national fitness?","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sage Open"},{"key":"B143","first-page":"52","article-title":"Group differentiation in the change of mass sports participation in china: Based on the data of chinese general social survey","volume":"45","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Shanghai Univers. Sport"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.01.001","article-title":"Daily physical activity predicts frailty development among community-dwelling older japanese adults","volume":"20","author":"Yuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345141","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2017.1345141","article-title":"Motives for exercise participation: The role of individual and psychological characteristics","volume":"4","author":"Zervou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogent Psychol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S338183","article-title":"The relationship between internet use and mental health among older adults in china: the mediating role of physical exercise","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Managem. Healthcare Policy"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12873","DOI":"10.3390\/su141912873","article-title":"Social-ecological factors predict college students' physical activities and sedentary behavior","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2012.723727","article-title":"Integrating self-determination theory with the social ecological model to understand students' physical activity behaviors","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14090831","article-title":"Correlates of exercise behavior based on socio-ecological theoretical model among chinese urban adults: an empirical study","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Behav. Sci"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0305820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305820","article-title":"The impact of social participation on the health status of the older adult: an empirical study based on cgss 2021 data","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24583-2","article-title":"Correlation between perceived air pollution and myopia: an exploration of the mediating effects of healthy lifestyle factors","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/e25050765","article-title":"Enhancing basketball game outcome prediction through fused graph convolutional networks and random forest algorithm","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12741","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01339","article-title":"Machine learning: new ideas and tools in environmental science and engineering","volume":"55","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environm. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-0890-0","article-title":"Applying machine learning to predict future adherence to physical activity programs","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19486-7","article-title":"National trends and ecological factors of physical activity engagement among us youth before and during the covid-19 pandemic: a cohort study from 2019 to 2021","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B156","first-page":"308","article-title":"The effect of digital use on physical activity in older adults: mediating effects of vitality","volume":"27","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Dev. Policy Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1701201\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:52:30Z","timestamp":1767768750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1701201\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":156,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1701201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1701201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"article-number":"1701201"}}