{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:34:41Z","timestamp":1790354081342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Teacher emotion regulation is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of instructional quality, professional well-being, and student success, particularly in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts where linguistic challenges, sociocultural diversity, and high emotional labor intensify classroom demands. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence linking these strategies to multi-level outcomes (teacher, student, and institutional) remains lacking. This systematic review synthesized findings from 165 peer-reviewed studies published between 1998 and 2025 to examine how emotion regulation strategies influence teacher well-being, professional development, and student engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Literature searches were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and guided by PICOS criteria to ensure transparency, comprehensiveness, and replicability. Searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and PsycINFO, supplemented by hand-searching reference lists. The included studies employed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method designs and were analyzed using a combination of thematic analysis and content analysis. Coding reliability was established through double-coding of 25% of the studies, yielding strong inter-rater agreement (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.78).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three major thematic patterns emerged. First, adaptive strategies, including cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, attentional deployment, and relational regulation, were consistently associated with reduced stress, enhanced resilience, improved classroom management, and positive teacher\u2013student interactions, whereas maladaptive strategies, such as suppression and rumination, predicted burnout and reduced instructional quality. A predominant finding across quantitative studies was a significant positive correlation between adaptive regulation and teacher self-efficacy. Second, professional development interventions\u2014structured workshops, reflective journaling, and peer coaching\u2014enhanced teachers\u2019 emotional competence, self-efficacy, and professional identity formation. Third, teacher emotion regulation significantly influenced student engagement, motivation, participation, classroom emotional climate, and language achievement. Cross-theme synthesis revealed cascading effects, showing that adaptive regulation promotes teacher well-being, which in turn supports student learning and professional development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of embedding emotion regulation training into teacher education programs, institutional policies, and reflective practice, establishing it not merely as a personal coping mechanism but as a foundational professional competency with direct implications for instructional quality and student outcomes. Future longitudinal and culturally contextualized research is needed to further elucidate these cascading mechanisms, ultimately informing more effective supports for teachers and learners in linguistically diverse classrooms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1715266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:40:29Z","timestamp":1769427629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A 2025 systematic review of teacher emotion regulation and well-being: implications for student engagement, learning outcomes, and professional development in EFL contexts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guohong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University","place":["Lanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Haratyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of English, Jilin International Studies University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of English, Jilin International Studies University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40468-024-00316-x","article-title":"Uncovering the impacts of technology literacies and acceptance on emotion regulation, resilience, willingness to communicate, and enjoyment in intelligent computer-assisted language learning","volume":"14","author":"Abdullaeva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lang. Test. Asia"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Self-efficacy and emotional regulation as predictors of teacher burnout among EFL teachers: a structural modeling approach","volume":"10","author":"Afzali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. English Language Literature Studies"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.33086\/cej.v7i1.7029","article-title":"The influence of principal's service quality and teachers' self-concept on emotional regulation in preschool teachers","volume":"7","author":"Agus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Educ. J."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.17507\/tpls.0704.10","article-title":"A qualitative study of EFL teachers\u2019 emotion regulation behavior in the classroom","volume":"7","author":"Akbari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theory Pract. Lang. Stud."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02338-9","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of physical exercise in shaping language learners\u2019 emotional well-being: a comparative analysis between L1 and L2 students","volume":"13","author":"Akram","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2023.2282446","article-title":"The role of teachers\u2019 emotion regulation in teaching effectiveness: a systematic review integrating four lines of research","volume":"59","author":"Aldrup","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00892","article-title":"Measuring teachers\u2019 social-emotional competence: development and validation of a situational judgment test","volume":"11","author":"Aldrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"175","article-title":"Emotional management of adult EFL learners in higher education","volume":"2","author":"Aliakbari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Studies English Language Teaching"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1177\/13621688211012863","article-title":"Capturing the emotional experiences of English as a foreign language university teachers: a critical perspective","volume":"28","author":"Alzaanin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36884","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-07081-3","article-title":"Exploring emotion regulation strategies in an EFL argumentative writing course: the case of Iranian MA students in TEFL","volume":"43","author":"Amini Farsani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.32038\/ltrq.2025.49.14","article-title":"Predicting teacher well-being through teacher leadership and collective teacher efficacy","volume":"49","author":"Amirian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Language Teaching Research Quarterly"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"161","article-title":"The interplay between EFL teachers' self-efficacy, emotion regulation, and perceived professional success","volume":"44","author":"Arabmofrad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Revista Internacional de Did\u00e1ctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2020.103025","article-title":"An emotion-focused approach in predicting teacher burnout and job satisfaction","volume":"90","author":"Atmaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889133","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.889133","article-title":"The contribution of psychological wellbeing and emotion-regulation to foreign language teaching enjoyment","volume":"13","author":"Azari Noughabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Emotional regulation and its relationship to self-efficacy among academic leaders in Amman Arab University","volume":"33","author":"Bazadough","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Namib. Stud. Hist. Polit. Cult."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21520","article-title":"Early career science teacher experiences of social bonds and emotion management","volume":"56","author":"Bellocchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Res. Sci. Teach."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1177\/1362168820912352","article-title":"Language teachers\u2019 interpersonal learner-directed emotion-regulation strategies","volume":"26","author":"Bielak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900417","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.900417","article-title":"Self-efficacy and emotion regulation as predictors of teacher burnout among English as a foreign language teachers: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"13","author":"Bing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"90","article-title":"Emotions and emotion regulation in academic settings","volume-title":"Handbook of Educational Psychology","author":"Boekaerts","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Transforming students' lives with social and emotional learning","volume-title":"Handbook of emotions in education","author":"Brackett","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.ijal.19.1.35","article-title":"Efficacious EFL teachers' goals and strategies for emotion management: the role of culture in focus","volume":"19","author":"Chahkandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2020.00090","article-title":"Emotion display rules, emotion regulation, and teacher burnout","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/13540602.2020.1740198","article-title":"Teacher emotion regulation strategies in response to classroom misbehavior","volume":"27","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teach. Teach."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-025-01030-9","article-title":"Exploring supervisors\u2019 emotion regulation strategies in undergraduate thesis supervision","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27338","article-title":"EFL teachers\u2019 engagement: the impact of well-being and emotion regulation","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01753-2","article-title":"A structural model of EFL teachers\u2019 physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"619","article-title":"Proactivity as a predictor of ESP students\u2019 use of language learning strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Cirkveni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Teach. Engl. Specif. Acad. Purp."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2018.1537791","article-title":"Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development","volume":"24","author":"Darling-Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Dev. Sci."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948516","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1019984","article-title":"Delving into the relationship between teacher emotion regulation, self-efficacy, engagement, and anger: a focus on English as a foreign language teachers","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.30466\/ijltr.2024.121579","article-title":"The interplay between perceived teacher support, self-regulation, and psychological well-being among EFL students","volume":"12","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1515\/applirev-2023-0089","article-title":"\u201cI never make a permanent decision based on a temporary emotion\u201d: unveiling EFL teachers\u2019 perspectives about emotions in assessment","volume":"15","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Linguist. Rev."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1515\/CJAL-2022-0104","article-title":"Foreign language enjoyment and anxiety: associations with general and domain-specific English achievement","volume":"45","author":"Dewaele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Linguist."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12739","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12739","article-title":"Exploring the causes, consequences, and solutions of Chinese EFL teachers' psychological ill-being: a qualitative investigation","volume":"59","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"71","article-title":"The impact of English literature (story reading) on ESP learners' emotion regulation","volume":"1","author":"Donyadideh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Learn. Memory"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2478\/exell-2019-0006","article-title":"Investigating boredom among EFL teachers","volume":"6","author":"Duman\u010di\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"ExELL"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"The contribution of perceived collective efficacy beliefs and interpersonal emotion regulation to Turkish EFL teachers\u2019 job stress","volume":"7","author":"Eginli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Engl. Lang. Teach."},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Teachers' emotion regulation strategies in multicultural classrooms: Insights from Finnish teachers. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Oulu","author":"Ekanayake","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899654","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.952503","article-title":"English as a foreign language teachers' professional success in the Chinese context: the effects of well-being and emotion regulation","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2024.103589","article-title":"Exploring Chinese EFL student teachers' emotions and emotion-regulation strategies in receiving peer feedback on microteaching","volume":"129","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"87","article-title":"Teacher self-efficacy and emotional regulation as predictors of teaching stress: an investigation of Iranian English language teachers","volume":"26","author":"Fathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Teach. Eng. Lang. Multimedia"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"210","article-title":"Teacher self-efficacy and emotion regulation in EFL classrooms","volume":"15","author":"Fathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Lang. Learn. Teach."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.30466\/ijltr.2021.121043","article-title":"Self-efficacy, reflection, and burnout among Iranian EFL teachers: the mediating role of emotion regulation","volume":"9","author":"Fathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895594","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.895594","article-title":"Engagement mediates the relationship between emotion and achievement of Chinese EFL learners","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014695","article-title":"Emotional transmission in the classroom: exploring the relationship between teacher and student enjoyment","volume":"101","author":"Frenzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s13384-011-0049-1","article-title":"An investigation into the capacity of student motivation and emotion regulation strategies to predict engagement and resilience in the middle school classroom","volume":"39","author":"Fried","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.37745\/10.37745\/bje.2013\/vol11n3124","article-title":"A comparative review of research on mindfulness in pre\/post COVID-19 education","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"British J. Educ."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14090749","article-title":"Difficulties among teachers' emotional regulation: analysis for the development of student well-being in Chilean schools","volume":"14","author":"Fuentes Vilugr\u00f3n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Advancing AI-driven pedagogy through the regulation of emotions: a vision for school practitioners","volume":"8","author":"Galea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Italian J. Health Educ. Sport Inclusive Didactics"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2023.103046","article-title":"Relationality in language teacher emotion regulation: regulating emotions through, with and for others","volume":"115","author":"Gkonou","year":"2023","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"403","article-title":"EFL novice teachers\u2019 emotion regulation in Indonesian primary and secondary schools: emotional labor","volume":"7","author":"Gloria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Project"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2020.102446","article-title":"Emotion regulation and psychological well-being in teacher work engagement: a case of British and Iranian English language teachers","volume":"97","author":"Greenier","year":"2021","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.271","article-title":"The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review","volume":"2","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"345","article-title":"Emotion regulation: past, present, future","volume":"12","author":"Gross","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation","author":"Gross","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.940781","article-title":"Emotion regulation: current status and future prospects","volume":"26","author":"Gross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Conceptual foundations of emotion regulation","volume-title":"Am. Psychol","author":"Gross","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being","volume":"85","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8264","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148264","article-title":"Exploring EFL teachers\u2019 emotions and the impact on their sustainable professional development in livestream teaching: a Chinese case study","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"387","article-title":"Teacher emotions and emotion regulation: a qualitative study with Korean EFL high school teachers in Korea","volume":"85","author":"Hahm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Language Teaching \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uad50\uc721\uc815\ubcf4"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-024-00965-9","article-title":"Modelling the interplay between university foreign language teachers\u2019 interpersonal emotion regulation and psychological well-being","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245678","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1058046","article-title":"An ecological examination of teacher emotions in an EFL context","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40862-025-00319-y","article-title":"Identity tension and emotion regulation: a case study of Chinese novice EFL teachers","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Second Foreign Lang. Educ."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2024.2410397","article-title":"\u2018Round outside and square inside\u2019: language teachers\u2019 emotion regulation strategies in crosscultural teaching contexts","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev."},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"e118","article-title":"\u201cResilience fosters sustainability!\u201d: Exploring Vietnamese pre-service EFL teachers\u2019 emotional experiences in a school-based teaching practicum from the lens of Resilience Theory","volume-title":"Educational Point","author":"Hao","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Emotion regulation in education in the chaotic era of the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Haraty\u0101n","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Exploring the relationship between leader identity and emotional resilience in teachers: A mixed methods approach (doctoral thesis, University of Central Arkansas)","author":"Harbin","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2019.1587297","article-title":"Emotion regulation in achievement situations: an integrated model","volume":"54","author":"Harley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15020235","article-title":"Under pressure: gifted students\u2019 vulnerabilities, stressors, and coping mechanisms within a high achieving high school","volume":"15","author":"Helsper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36843","article-title":"Pre-service EFL teachers' emotional experiences, emotion regulation strategies, and influencing factors in research: a Chinese case study","volume":"10","author":"Heng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000649","article-title":"Teaching emotion regulation in schools: translating research into practice with the RULER approach to social and emotional learning","volume":"20","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190837","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1190837","article-title":"Examining the effects of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher resilience in EFL context","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"74","article-title":"The relation between Iranian EFL learners' perception of teacher enthusiasm and their engagement in the context of second-language classrooms","volume":"3","author":"Isaee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Lang. Studies"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40862-023-00215-3","article-title":"Language teacher psychological well-being: an insight into the impacts of emotion regulation, reflective teaching, self-efficacy, and identity in an EFL context","volume":"8","author":"Ismail","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Second Foreign Lang. Educ."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2025.2513983","article-title":"Grit as the predictor of flow and buoyancy among Duolingo multiple language learners: the mediating roles of perceived competence and competitiveness","author":"Jabbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev."},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"183","article-title":"Emotion regulation in education: conceptual foundations, current applications, and future directions","volume-title":"International handbook of emotions in education","author":"Jacobs","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2019.02.017","article-title":"How unique is the foreign language classroom enjoyment and anxiety of Chinese EFL learners","volume":"82","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.55593\/ej.26102a4","article-title":"L2 learners' understanding of achievement emotions and emotion regulation strategies: contributions of a longitudinal emotion regulation initiative","volume":"26","author":"Karimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"TESL-EJ"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"Investigating the relationships of Iraqi EFL teachers' emotion regulation, resilience, and psychological well-being","author":"Khammat","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40468-025-00345-0","article-title":"Portfolio assessment in AI enhanced learning environments: a pathway to emotion regulation, mindfulness, and language learning attitudes","volume":"15","author":"Khasawneh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lang. Test. Asia"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.17936\/pkelt.2018.30.2.002","article-title":"Korean EFL teachers\u2019 emotional labor: an exploratory study","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Engl. Lang. Teach."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-017-0365-y","article-title":"A qualitative inquiry on EFL learning demotivation and resilience: a study of primary and secondary EFL students in South Korea","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"87","article-title":"An empirical study of classroom enjoyment and negative emotions: a model of the use of authentic materials in the Japanese EFL context","volume":"26","author":"Kitayoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teach. Eng. Multimedia"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amper.2024.100183","article-title":"Emotional maturity in EFL teaching: exploring Vietnamese teachers\u2019 perceptions and its impact on student learning outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ampersand"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.58803\/jclr.v3i2.99","article-title":"Vietnamese EFL teachers\u2019 insights into the impact of their emotional maturity on students' engagement","volume":"3","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Lang. Res."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2020.1746319","article-title":"The role of grit and classroom enjoyment in EFL learners\u2019 willingness to communicate","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2012.01.007","article-title":"Reducing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction: critical role of hotel employees\u2019 emotional intelligence and emotional labor","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2019.1614187","article-title":"A positive psychology perspective on Chinese EFL students\u2019 trait emotional intelligence, foreign language enjoyment, and EFL learning achievement","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev."},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"177","article-title":"Investigating the effects of emotion regulation and creativity on Chinese EFL teachers' burnout in online classes","volume-title":"Porta Linguarum","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1549466","article-title":"Burnout among Chinese EFL university instructors: a mixed-methods exploration of school climate, job demands, and emotion regulation","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"345","article-title":"Teacher and learner emotions in multilingual EFL classrooms: a comparative study","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"273","article-title":"Do emotional regulation behaviors matter in EFL teachers' professional development? A process model approach","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Porta Linguarum"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1515\/applirev-2020-0124","article-title":"Foreign language learning boredom: conceptualization and measurement","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Linguist. Rev."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1515\/applirev-2018-0043","article-title":"The complex relationship between classroom emotions and EFL achievement in China","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Linguist. Rev."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005071","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1005071","article-title":"Modeling the role of emotion regulation and critical thinking in immunity in higher education","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898114","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.898114","article-title":"The impact of Chinese EFL teachers\u2019 emotion regulation and resilience on their success","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329400","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1329400","article-title":"Exploring the relationships among teacher\u2013student dynamics, learning enjoyment, and burnout in EFL students: the role of emotional intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"830987","article-title":"EFL teachers\u2019 emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as predictors of their emotional labor strategies","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"1641","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion regulation: evidence from junior high school EFL teachers in China","volume-title":"Forum for linguistic studies","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"6785987","article-title":"Exploring the mediating role of EFL teachers' emotion regulation in the relationship between emotional intelligence and resilience","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Linguist."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12654","article-title":"Unveiling the influence of emotion regulation on job satisfaction, job effectiveness, and psychological well-being in Iranian university EFL teachers: a SEM analysis","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Linguist."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12755","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12755","article-title":"The contribution of teacher self-efficacy, resilience, and emotion regulation to teachers' well-being: technology-enhanced teaching context","volume":"59","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01356-3","article-title":"A Lenz into the predictive power of language teacher emotion regulation and self-evaluation on L2 grit, teaching style preferences, and work engagement: a case of Chinese EFL instructors","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957856","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.957856","article-title":"The relationships between teachers\u2019 emotional labor and display rules, trait emotions, exhaustion, and classroom emotional climate","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Otions that facilitate language learning: The positive-broadening power of the imagination","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref106","author":"Mai","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2478\/exell-2023-0002","article-title":"Can teach and prosper? EFL teachers' attitudes, well-being, and coping strategies in an online setting","volume":"10","author":"Martinovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"ExELL"},{"key":"ref108","volume-title":"Emotional regulation in English teaching","author":"Melo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2024.104732","article-title":"The emotion regulation antecedents of tertiary EFL instructors and their use of reappraisal and suppression","volume":"150","author":"Me\u015fe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702619858430","article-title":"Parental burnout: What is it, and why does it matter?","volume":"7","author":"Mikolajczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"81","article-title":"Exploring self-efficacy and emotion regulation as predictors of Iraqi EFL teachers\u2019 burnout","volume":"2","author":"Mohammad Hosseinpur","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Eng. Specific Purposes Praxis"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1515\/cjal-2018-0032","article-title":"Teacher frustration and emotion regulation in university language teaching","volume":"41","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Linguist."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.22730725.17","article-title":"Emotion regulation among university EFL teachers in Japan: the dynamic interplay between context and emotional behaviour","volume-title":"The emotional rollercoaster of language teaching bristol, blue ridge summit: multilingual matters","author":"Morris","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2023.103080","article-title":"University language teachers\u2019 contextually dependent uses of instrumental emotion regulation","volume":"116","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"787224","volume-title":"Teachers\u2019 emotion regulation in the team-taught classroom: Insights into teachers\u2019 perspectives on how to regulate and communicate emotions with regard to the team teaching partner. In Frontiers in education","author":"Muehlbacher","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2024.102022","article-title":"Unveiling the interplay between EFL teachers\u2019 cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, and foreign language teaching anxiety: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"87","author":"Mutlu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2024.103419","article-title":"Interplay of academic emotion regulation, academic mindfulness, L2 learning experience, academic motivation, and learner autonomy in intelligent computer-assisted language learning: a study of EFL learners","volume":"125","author":"Namaziandost","year":"2024","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-024-00817-y","article-title":"Role of academic emotion regulation and self-compassion in EFL learners\u2019 academic motivation, growth mindset, and psychological wellness: insights from self-determination theory","volume":"70","author":"Namaziandost","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Stud."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.54855\/ijli.24342","article-title":"Novice EFL teachers\u2019 belief and emotional regulation in response to students\u2019 misbehaviors in the classrooms","volume":"3","author":"Ngo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Instr."},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Navigating through religious discourses in EFL teaching: teachers\u2019 motivational and emotional complexities","volume":"33","author":"Nur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Issues Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.4236\/ce.2025.165039","article-title":"The dynamics of self-regulated learning and emotional regulation in the educational path: a theoretical review","volume":"16","author":"Ol\u00ed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Creat. Educ."},{"key":"ref123","volume-title":"Promoting mental health and educational success among young people in the global south (doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford)","author":"Opare-Kumi","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-006-9029-9","article-title":"The control-value theory of achievement emotions: assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice","volume":"18","author":"Pekrun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203148211","article-title":"Control-value theory of achievement emotions","volume-title":"International handbook of emotions in education","author":"Pekrun","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref126","volume-title":"Regulating emotions after brain injury: Measurement and intervention (doctoral thesis, University of Western Australia)","author":"Pepping","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref127","volume-title":"Social-emotional learning introduction handbook for upper elementary teachers. California State University. Doctoral thesis","author":"Phillips","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12727","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12727","article-title":"Modelling the interaction between EFL teachers' personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, and teachers' depression: a structural equation approach","volume":"49","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/23522798231219967","article-title":"If students don\u2019t feel it, they won\u2019t learn it: early career secondary social studies educators plan for emotional engagement","volume":"48","author":"Reidel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soc. Stud. Res."},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2020.102324","article-title":"Trait emotional intelligence, positive and negative emotions in first and foreign language classes: a mixed-methods approach","volume":"94","author":"Resnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1515\/applirev-2020-0096","article-title":"Learner emotions, autonomy and trait emotional intelligence in \u2018in person\u2019 versus emergency remote English foreign language teaching in Europe","volume":"14","author":"Resnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Linguist. Rev."},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12752","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12752","article-title":"Disclosing the correlation between using ChatGPT and well-being in EFL learners: considering the mediating role of emotion regulation","volume":"59","author":"Rezai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13621688241238350","article-title":"Protecting language teachers from burnout: the roles of teaching mindset, teaching grit, and emotion regulation","author":"Sadoughi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.056","article-title":"Emotion regulation mediates the relation between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion difficulties: a longitudinal investigation","volume":"364","author":"Sahib","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10212-022-00663-4","article-title":"Role of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in second language learners\u2019 trait emotional intelligence and emotion regulation","volume":"38","author":"Shafiee Rad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence13050053","article-title":"Effects of peer and teacher support on students\u2019 creative thinking: emotional intelligence as a mediator and emotion regulation strategy as a moderator","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Intelligence"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2025.101773","article-title":"Exploring emotional regulation, well-being, and academic engagement: a comparative study among Chinese high school and college EFL learners","volume":"98","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref138","first-page":"1446257","article-title":"Do well-being and emotion regulation predict L2 teacher grit?","volume":"16","author":"Solhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"TESOL"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"63","article-title":"EFL teachers' emotions and emotion regulation strategies in online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume-title":"Access, equity and engagement in online learning in TESOL","author":"Songhori","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeap.2024.101404","article-title":"Unpacking EFL learners\u2019 emotions and emotion regulation strategies in digital collaborative academic reading projects: an integrated approach of vignette methodology and interview analysis","volume":"71","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Engl. Acad. Purp."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-023-00761-x","article-title":"Emotion regulation of EFL teachers in blended classroom assessment","volume":"33","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-023-09855-2","article-title":"Framing the theoretical perspectives on emotion regulation: a Habermasian typology and its implications for educational research","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240007","DOI":"10.1515\/edu-2024-0007","article-title":"\u201cThe more, the merrier; the more ideas, the better feeling\u201d: examining the role of creativity in regulating emotions among EFL teachers","volume":"6","author":"Tajabadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0001237","article-title":"Emotion regulation strategies and psychological health across cultures","volume":"79","author":"Tamir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref145","first-page":"14678957","article-title":"Understanding emotion-regulation among foreign language teachers in response to classroom stressors: findings from a Q methodology study","volume":"16","author":"Thumvichit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/tesq.3397","article-title":"Tesol teacher educators' emotion regulation in times of transformation: AQ methodological analysis of divergent responses to emerging technologies","author":"Thumvichit","year":"2025","journal-title":"TESOL Q."},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.26459\/hueunijssh.v133i6B.7477","article-title":"EFL lecturer\u2019s negative emotion regulation in the classrooms: a case study at a university in Vietnam","volume":"133","author":"Thu\u1ef3","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hue Univ. J. Sci. Soc. Sci. Humanit."},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-024-00714-1","article-title":"Role of positive and negative emotion regulation in well-being and health: the interplay between positive and negative emotion regulation abilities is linked to mental and physical health","volume":"25","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s44202-025-00417-5","article-title":"A systematic review of strategies, contexts and outcomes of emotion regulation in teaching","volume":"5","author":"Vogl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Psychol."},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13621688251353132","article-title":"Dispositions toward loving pedagogy, emotion regulation, and self-efficacy as predictors of EFL teachers\u2019 work engagement: a multinational study","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104545","article-title":"The relationships between burnout, job satisfaction, and emotion regulation among foreign language teachers: a meta-analytic review","volume":"250","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446257","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1446257","article-title":"The predictive power of teaching self-efficacy and emotion regulation on work engagement for EFL teachers in higher education","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/01430343221113004","article-title":"Perceived teacher empathy and teenagers\u2019 positive academic emotions: the mediating effect of interpersonal emotion regulation","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"School Psychol. Int."},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758860","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.758860","article-title":"On the role of EFL\/ESL teachers' emotion regulation in students' academic engagement","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15030342","article-title":"The impact of emotion regulation strategies on teachers\u2019 well-being and positive emotions: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"ref156","first-page":"2012","article-title":"What do we know about L2 teachers\u2019 emotion regulation? A bibliometric analysis of the pertinent literature","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Forum Linguist. Stud."},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.17507\/tpls.1410.21","article-title":"EFL teachers\u2019 emotions toward online merge offline teaching mode in university","volume":"14","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theory Practice Language Studies"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6125","DOI":"10.3390\/su15076125","article-title":"\u201cSailing together in the storm\u201d: Chinese EFL teachers\u2019 trajectory of interpersonal emotion regulation towards well-being","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v25i3.7666","article-title":"AI-supported online language learning: learners\u2019 self-esteem, cognitive emotion regulation, academic enjoyment, and language success","volume":"25","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Res. Open Distrib. Learn."},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12845","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12845","article-title":"From excitement to anxiety: exploring English as a foreign language learners' emotional experiences in the artificial intelligence powered classrooms","volume":"60","author":"Xin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"78843","article-title":"Intersections between cognitive-emotion regulation, critical thinking and academic resilience with academic motivation and autonomy in EFL learners: contributions of AI mediated learning environments","volume":"122","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. Educ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108337","article-title":"AI-induced emotions in L2 education: exploring EFL students\u2019 perceived emotions and regulation strategies","volume":"159","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04907-7","article-title":"A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress","volume":"607","author":"Yeager","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01656-2","article-title":"Under the surface of teacher occupational wellness and effectiveness in higher education: a look into the mediator roles of work passion and emotion regulation via SEM analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/09571736.2024.2403463","article-title":"The associations between EFL learners\u2019 L2 class belongingness, emotion regulation strategies, and perceived L2 proficiency in an online learning context","volume":"53","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lang. Learn. J."},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2025.102722","article-title":"On the role of academic buoyancy and interpersonal emotion regulation in predicting Chinese EFL teachers\u2019 psychological well-being","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2024.103433","article-title":"The mediating role of mindfulness and emotion regulation in the relationship between teacher self-compassion and work engagement among EFL teachers: a serial mediation model","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2023.2248064","article-title":"A cross-lagged panel analysis of self-efficacy, teacher grit, teaching enjoyment, and work engagement among foreign language teachers","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev."},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104673","article-title":"The investigation of EFL teachers' cognitive emotion regulation, pedagogical beliefs, pedagogical practices, and their engagement across the curriculum","volume":"252","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13621688241266184","article-title":"Exploring emotional support and engagement in adolescent EFL learning: the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lang. Teach. Res."},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chinese EFL teachers\u2019 perceptions of positive emotionality and emotion regulation strategies: a qualitative study","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807541","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.807541","article-title":"Positive emotion regulations among English as a foreign language teachers during COVID 19","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17501229.2024.2391377","article-title":"EFL teachers\u2019 perceptions of emotional exhaustion and associated regulation strategies: a phenomenological analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innov. Lang. Learn. Teach."},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12643","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12643","article-title":"Modelling the interplay between resilience, emotion regulation and psychological well-being among Chinese English language teachers: the mediating role of self-efficacy beliefs","volume":"59","author":"Zhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref175","article-title":"Navigating for positive group dynamics through emotion regulation: a multimodal conversation analysis on teacher discussions in Chinese EFL curriculum development","volume":"34","author":"Zuo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1715266\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:40:41Z","timestamp":1769427641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1715266\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":174,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1715266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1715266","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"article-number":"1715266"}}