{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T14:36:58Z","timestamp":1764945418477,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resilience\u2014the capacity to adapt effectively to stress and adversity\u2014plays a protective role across psychiatric disorders. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often present with lower resilience, potentially influenced by impulsivity, aggression, temperament, and childhood trauma. This study examined how these factors relate to resilience in individuals with AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between September 2024 and March 2025, 74 male inpatients with DSM-5-TR\u2013diagnosed AUD were recruited from the University of Health Sciences Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital. Participants completed the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), Buss\u2013Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher RSA scores were observed among employed participants and among those without a history of suicide attempts. Depression scores showed weak negative correlations with RSA subscales, particularly social competence and social resources. Impulsivity\u2014especially non-planning impulsivity\u2014showed moderate-to-strong negative associations with resilience and emerged as its strongest predictor. Depressive and irritable temperaments were significant predictors of lower resilience, whereas hyperthymic temperament was weakly positively associated. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect showed a weak but significant negative correlation with resilience\u2014particularly with perception of future\u2014while physical and sexual abuse were not significantly related. Aggression showed no consistent associations with resilience, apart from a weak negative correlation between hostility and perception of future. The final regression model (non-planning impulsivity, depressive and irritable temperaments) explained 35.8% of the variance in resilience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In AUD, resilience is negatively associated with depressive and irritable temperaments and with non-planning impulsivity, and is modestly related to childhood emotional maltreatment. Although shaped by relatively stable traits and early adverse experiences, resilience may be enhanced through psychosocial interventions\u2014particularly those targeting emotion regulation, future orientation, and social support\u2014which could help improve clinical outcomes in AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1718314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T14:34:24Z","timestamp":1764945264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resilience and related factors in alcohol use disorder: the role of trauma, impulsivity, aggression, and temperament"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Naile \u00d6zge","family":"Utkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcliz","family":"\u015eenormanc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c7etin","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salih","family":"Metin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"\u015eenormanc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005277438","article-title":"Trauma, PTSD, and resilience: a review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Agaibi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.12.001","article-title":"TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the temperament evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego autoquestionnaire","volume":"85","author":"Akiskal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790060099013","article-title":"The relationship of personality to affective disorders: a critical review","volume":"40","author":"Akiskal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.711","article-title":"Predictive capacity of Cloninger's temperament and character inventory (TCI-R) in alcohol use disorder outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Avila Escribano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: the exercise of control","author":"Bandura","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"104","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the resilience scale for adults-Turkish version","volume":"22","author":"Basim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"190","article-title":"Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients","volume":"147","author":"Beck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy of depression","author":"Beck","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect","volume":"151","author":"Bernstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.05.007","article-title":"Neurogenetics of depression: a focus on reward processing and stress sensitivity","volume":"52","author":"Bogdan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.63.3.452","article-title":"The aggression questionnaire","volume":"63","author":"Buss","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.05.001","article-title":"Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults","volume":"44","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.2.195","article-title":"Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress","volume":"161","author":"Charney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"The temperament and character inventory (TCI): a guide to its development and use","author":"Cloninger","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"15","article-title":"Validity of Michigan alcoholism screening test","volume":"34","author":"Co\u015fkunol","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ege T\u0131p Derg."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2023.107442","article-title":"Resilience and alcohol use in adulthood in the United States: a scoping review","volume":"168","author":"Cusack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: current status and future directions","volume":"88","author":"Dalgleish","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2009.00190.x","article-title":"Understanding the construct of impulsivity and its relationship to alcohol use disorders","volume":"15","author":"Dick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.019","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on the development of alcoholism: resilience vs. risk","volume":"1094","author":"Enoch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.07.395","article-title":"The relationship between resilience, motivational structure, and substance use","volume":"5","author":"Fadardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PRO"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000124","article-title":"Psychological resilience","volume":"18","author":"Fletcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Psychol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.143","article-title":"Resilience scale for adults","volume":"12","author":"Friborg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(83)90071-6","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Michigan alcoholism screening test: a review","volume":"12","author":"Gibbs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807","article-title":"Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independentmood and anxiety disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and relatedconditions","volume":"61","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"251","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Barratt impulsiveness Scale-11","volume":"18","author":"G\u00fcle\u00e7","year":"2008","journal-title":"Klin. Psikofarmakol. Bul."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.08.013","article-title":"Brief report: the interaction of impulsivity with risk-taking is associated with early alcohol use initiation","volume":"37","author":"Hamilton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198528883.001.0001","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment","author":"Harvey","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.375","article-title":"Effects of major depression on remission and relapse of substance dependence","volume":"59","author":"Hasin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04041-8","article-title":"Effects of resilience on impulsivity, cognition and depression during protracted withdrawal among Chinese male methamphetamine users","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90161-3","article-title":"Frontal cerebral lesions and violent incidents in chronic neuropsychiatrie patients","volume":"25","author":"Heinrichs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3042","article-title":"Cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol-related aggression","volume":"12","author":"Heinz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600504","article-title":"What is resilience?","volume":"56","author":"Herrman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"3","article-title":"A reliability and validity study of Beck depression inventory in a university student sample","volume":"7","author":"Hisli","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2025.01.021","article-title":"Alcohol and substance use disorders, aggression, and resilience in domestic violence perpetrators under law no. 6284 in T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"14","author":"Ispir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.05.004","article-title":"The association between impulsivity, emotion regulation, and symptoms of alcohol use disorder","volume":"91","author":"Jakubczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.12.007","article-title":"Resilience to suicidality: the buffering hypothesis","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.10.953","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse and adult psychiatric and substance use disorders in women: an epidemiological and cotwin control analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kendler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.12.023","article-title":"The relation between affective temperament and resilience in depression: a controlled study","volume":"148","author":"Kesebir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-015-0023-3","article-title":"Impact of childhood trauma and affective temperament on resilience in bipolar disorder","volume":"3","author":"Kesebir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03462-1","article-title":"Self-rated impulsivity in healthy individuals, substance use disorder and ADHD: psychometric properties of the Swedish Barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"21","author":"Khemiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.05.005","article-title":"Influence of temperament and character on resilience","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1176\/foc.9.1.foc55","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction","volume":"9","author":"Koob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2018.15.1.62","article-title":"Mediating effect of resilience on the association between emotional neglect and depressive symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040.14.1.40","article-title":"Resilience: a conceptual bridge between coping and development","volume":"14","author":"Leipold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Psychol."},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"124","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire (AQ)-Turkish version","volume":"24","author":"Madran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2019.07.009","article-title":"Examining the relationships between impulsivity, aggression, and recidivism for prisoners with antisocial personality disorder","volume":"49","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.227","article-title":"Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development","volume":"56","author":"Masten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12205","article-title":"Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth","volume":"85","author":"Masten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941200003X","article-title":"Resilience in developmental psychopathology: contributions of the project competence longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"Masten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"480","article-title":"Latent profile analysis of trait impulsivity facets and associations with resilience, problematic alcohol use, and quality of life","volume":"48","author":"Meyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.10.265","article-title":"Role of social support in adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts","volume":"56","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0358-1","article-title":"Identification and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Mirijello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1783","article-title":"Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity","volume":"158","author":"Moeller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.10.022","article-title":"P. 0014 alcohol use, anger, aggression, resilience, and family support during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece","volume":"53","author":"Pachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.05.002","article-title":"Affective temperaments in alcoholic patients","volume":"43","author":"Pacini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4103\/ijsp.ijsp_177_24","article-title":"Moderating role of resilience in the relationship between negative cognition and depression among alcohol dependence syndrome patients of Sikkim: analyzing gender differences","volume":"41","author":"Paul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-0997-0","article-title":"Global burden of disease and the impact of mental and addictive disorders","volume":"21","author":"Rehm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220590923146","article-title":"Temperament and its role in developmental psychopathology","volume":"13","author":"Rettew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/13811110701403916","article-title":"Low resilience in suicide attempters","volume":"11","author":"Roy","year":"","journal-title":"Arch. Suicide Res."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20265","article-title":"Low resilience in suicide attempters: relationship to depressive symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Roy","year":"","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x","article-title":"Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms","volume":"57","author":"Rutter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of childhood trauma questionnaire","volume":"32","author":"\u015ear","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk. Klin. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00257-5","article-title":"Childhood victimization and alcohol symptoms in females: causal inferences and hypothesized mediators","volume":"25","author":"Schuck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.079","article-title":"Resilience and insight in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"266","author":"\u015eenormanc\u0131","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Resilience and associated factors in schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"\u015eenormanci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44066","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000044066","article-title":"Resilience in methamphetamine use disorder: a cross-sectional study on the role of childhood trauma, aggression, and temperament","volume":"104","author":"\u015eenormanci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.05.038","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder relapse factors: a systematic review","volume":"278","author":"Sliedrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaa132","article-title":"The association between impulsivity and relapse in patients with alcohol use disorder: a literature review","volume":"56","author":"Sliedrecht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-020-09337-y","article-title":"Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6488.1000227","article-title":"Childhood trauma and resilience: vulnerabilities to develop crack\/cocaine dependence","volume":"3","author":"Sordi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alcohol Drug Depend."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.10.011","article-title":"Affective temperaments in clinically-well subjects in Turkey: initial psychometric data on the TEMPS-A","volume":"85","author":"Vahip","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Coping and substance abuse: a theoretical model and review of the evidence","volume-title":"Handbook of coping: theory, research, applications. ed. Norman S. E.","author":"Wills","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20675","article-title":"Psychological resilience and neurocognitive performance in a traumatized community sample","volume":"27","author":"Wingo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.01.007","article-title":"Resilience characteristics mitigate tendency for harmful alcohol and illicit drug use in adults with a history of childhood abuse: a cross-sectional study of 2024 inner-city men and women","volume":"51","author":"Wingo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.4.224","article-title":"Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: that was Zen, this is Tao","volume":"59","author":"Witkiewitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref80","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00377-8","article-title":"Resilience and related factors as predictors of relapse risk in patients with substance use disorder: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Yamashita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1718314\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T14:34:28Z","timestamp":1764945268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1718314\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1718314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1718314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"article-number":"1718314"}}