{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:49:41Z","timestamp":1767599381940,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument, the Sportive Agoraphobia Scale (SAS) to measure individuals\u2019 anxiety and avoidance behaviors related to social visibility, body image, and evaluative concerns in physical activity settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conducted within the general survey model, data were collected from 352 participants in four provinces of T\u00fcrkiye. The scale development followed an established eight-step framework. An initial pool of 30 items was reduced to 24 based on expert feedback, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified a three-factor structure: (1) Psychosocial Participation Anxiety, (2) Social Evaluation Anxiety, and (3) Body Image\u2013Based Anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted after removing four items with low factor loadings, resulting in a final 19-item version of the scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fit indices indicated a good model fit [\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/df\u202f=\u202f2.688, RMSEA\u202f=\u202f0.069, CFI\u202f=\u202f0.946, IFI\u202f=\u202f0.946, NFI\u202f=\u202f0.917]. Internal consistency values were high for the total scale (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.95) and across subdimensions (Factor I: \u03b1\u202f=\u202f0.93, Factor II: \u03b1\u202f=\u202f0.85, Factor III: \u03b1\u202f=\u202f0.87).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrate that the Sportive Agoraphobia Scale is a psychometrically sound tool for assessing the multidimensional nature of anxiety stemming from social presence, fear of negative evaluation, and appearance-based concerns in exercise environments. The SAS offers practical implications for researchers, sport psychologists, and intervention designers aiming to understand and mitigate psychological anxiety to physical activity participation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1732295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:43:33Z","timestamp":1767599013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sportive agoraphobia: scale development and validation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Murat","family":"Celebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neslihan Nur","family":"Pehlivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Arici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Ayranc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Ismail","family":"Tosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulsamet","family":"Efdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Sarikabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. 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