{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T17:14:41Z","timestamp":1779124481641,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a significant impact on psychological well-being. Here, the psychological evaluation of patients with CKD undergoing replacement treatment (dialysis or kidney transplantation) and conservative therapy (preemptive patients, who are waiting list for kidney transplantation) was analyzed. In addition, serum irisin levels, a protein displaying anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mice, were measured in dialysis patients. Methods Dialysis (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f57), non-dialysis (preemptive,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f31) and kidney transplant patients (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f33) were enrolled. All participants underwent psychometric tests including State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y 1 and 2 form), Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI), Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), etc. Serum irisin levels in dialyzed patients were measured by ELISA assay. Results Dialysis patient group scored worse on all tests performed than both preemptive and kidney transplant patients. Indeed, dialysis patients displayed the lowest PGWBI score, and higher scores of BDI, and STAY-1 and STAY-2, compared with preemptive and kidney transplant patients. We also found that about 40% of dialysis patients showed significant psychological distress with higher clinical attention values in the somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, and anxiety domains assessed by SCL-90. Furthermore, the stratification of all patients into groups younger and older than 50\u202fyears showed that the older group of transplanted patients displayed better outcomes than the younger ones. Finally, stratification of dialysis patients according to irisin levels revealed that only those with higher serum irisin levels had better psychological conditions in tests. Conclusions Kidney transplantation as well as conservative therapy were related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms and other psychological disorders than dialysis. Furthermore, all transplanted patients over 50 years of age showed better outcomes than the younger ones. However, dialyzed patients with high levels of circulating irisin displayed better psychological conditions. Overall, our findings supported the importance to provide timely access to transplantation and to improve psychological support for dialysis patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1734424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:18:19Z","timestamp":1767676699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative psychological well-being evaluation among CKD patients on conservative therapy, dialysis, or kidney transplantation: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Dicarlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianvito","family":"Caggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Guido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fausta","family":"Piancone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Sivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Dipalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Spilotros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Di Tonno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Colucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graziana","family":"Colaianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Pontrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Grano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loreto","family":"Gesualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.243","article-title":"Comments on 'KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease'","volume":"84","author":"Andrassy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","article-title":"The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale\u2014I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure","volume":"38","author":"Bagby","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00096.x","article-title":"Quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients: decline over time and association with clinical outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Bakewell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref9003","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10777","article-title":"A PGC1-\u03b1-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis","volume":"481","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref9004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00228-0","article-title":"Cross-validation of the factor structure of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: an Italian multicenter study","volume":"41","author":"Bressi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708009309","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies on major depression and BDNF levels: implications for the role of neuroplasticity in depression","volume":"11","author":"Brunoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2023.2247317","article-title":"Irisin, adropin, and preptin as biomarkers of energy dysregulation in depressive disorder","volume":"39","author":"Cicek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/08964280903521339","article-title":"Progressive increase of anxiety and depression in patients waiting for a kidney transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Corruble","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref9001","volume-title":"SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring and procedures manual for the revised version","author":"Derogatis","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000901","article-title":"Depression and anxiety as risk factors for morbidity and mortality after organ transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Dew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119111","article-title":"Short-term irisin treatment enhanced neurotrophin expression differently in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of young mice","volume":"24","author":"Dicarlo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref9002","first-page":"170","article-title":"The Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index","volume-title":"Assessment of Quality of Life in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Therapies","author":"Dupuy","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10517","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910517","article-title":"Assessment of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease and after kidney transplantation-a comparative analysis","volume":"18","author":"Dziubek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref9005","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): Manuale italiano","author":"Ghisi","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12893","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid irisin and lipoxin A4 are reduced in elderly Brazilian individuals with depression: insight into shared mechanisms between depression and dementia","volume":"19","author":"Goncalves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"558","article-title":"Assessment of emotional distress in chronic kidney disease patients and kidney transplant recipients","volume":"63","author":"Gonzalez-De-Jesus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Investig. Clin."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-88","article-title":"Development and validation of the short version of the psychological general well-being index (PGWB-S)","volume":"4","author":"Grossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521424","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2521424","article-title":"Association between circulating irisin level and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00438-z","article-title":"Exercise hormone irisin is a critical regulator of cognitive function","volume":"3","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-12-5","article-title":"End-stage renal disease preceded by rapid declines in kidney function: a case series","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000516647","article-title":"Defining AKD: the Spectrum of AKI, AKD, and CKD","volume":"146","author":"Levey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x","article-title":"Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"67","author":"Levey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2023.117756","article-title":"The role of irisin in kidney diseases","volume":"554","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13117","article-title":"Changes in health-related quality of life in older candidates waiting for kidney transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Lonning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010041","article-title":"Conservative management in end-stage kidney disease between the dialysis myth and neglected evidence-based medicine","volume":"13","author":"Martino","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref23","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref9007","volume-title":"Inventario per l\u2019Ansia di Stato e di Tratto: Nuova versione italiana dello STAI-Y","author":"Pedrabissi","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6715","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076715","article-title":"Once-daily subcutaneous Irisin administration mitigates depression- and anxiety-like behavior in Young mice","volume":"24","author":"Pignataro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7596","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147596","article-title":"Antidepressant effect of intermittent Long-term systemic Administration of Irisin in mice","volume":"23","author":"Pignataro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041605","article-title":"FNDC5\/Irisin system in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases: update and novel perspective","volume":"22","author":"Pignataro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref9006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.12.006","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SCL-90-R: a study on a large community sample","volume":"27","author":"Prunas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"SCL-90-R symptom checklist-90-R Adattamento italiano","author":"Sarno","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00932","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Simoes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.03.004","article-title":"Central irisin administration affords antidepressant-like effect and modulates neuroplasticity-related genes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice","volume":"84","author":"Siteneski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref30","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","article-title":"Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline","volume":"158","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1177-6","article-title":"Decreased level of irisin, a skeletal muscle cell-derived myokine, is associated with post-stroke depression in the ischemic stroke population","volume":"15","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32064-5","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"389","author":"Webster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.1991.tb01824.x","article-title":"Declaration of Helsinki","volume":"19","year":"1991","journal-title":"Law Med. Health Care"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.09.008","article-title":"Exercise induces hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1alpha\/FNDC5 pathway","volume":"18","author":"Wrann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2021.20412","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome in dialysis patients and symptom check list revised (SCL 90-R) screening","volume":"53","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Med."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15050179","article-title":"Comparison of depression in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zaragoza-Fernandez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1734424\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:18:21Z","timestamp":1767676701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1734424\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1734424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1734424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"article-number":"1734424"}}