{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:04:33Z","timestamp":1790744673185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study examined whether co-residence status and students\u2019 attitudes toward parents were associated with psychological difficulties directly and indirectly through social adaptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A regional census cluster survey distributed questionnaires to 39,739 students in 20 secondary schools in one district of Chongqing, China. The analytic sample comprised 34,097 valid responses (85.80%). Psychological difficulties were represented by continuous scores from 35 Mental Health Test items covering academic anxiety, self-blame, and impulsivity. Two separate observed-variable path models were estimated with school-level clustering, maximum likelihood estimation, 5,000 cluster-bootstrap draws, and adjustment for sex and grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More positive attitudes toward parents were associated with fewer psychological difficulties through social adaptability (standardized indirect association\u202f=\u202f\u22120.148, bias-corrected 95% CI [\u22120.170, \u22120.129]); the total association was \u22120.196 [\u22120.228, \u22120.162]. Compared with students living with both parents, students living with others showed a small positive indirect association with psychological difficulties (0.034 [0.022, 0.050]) and a small total association (0.049 [0.033, 0.070]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings were compatible with indirect associations through social adaptability, but the cross-sectional design does not establish temporal or causal mediation. Co-residence findings should be interpreted cautiously because the retained dataset did not preserve the original nonparental living-arrangement categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1634755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:48:50Z","timestamp":1790743730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-residence with both parents, attitudes toward parents, and psychological difficulties among Chinese secondary school students: indirect associations through social adaptability"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhanghong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rongchang District Teacher Training School","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rongchang Experimental School Affiliated to Southwest University High School","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaning","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzhi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Parental Phubbing and social Adaptability among junior Secondary school Students: Serial Mediation through parent-child Relationships and social-Emotional Competence","author":"Aricha","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Making human Beings human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, family processes,and individual development","volume":"72","author":"Conger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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