{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:54:32Z","timestamp":1773392072662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study aimed to validate the Chinese version of Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires (CAQs), developed based on the Contrast Avoidance Model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Study 1, we translated the CAQs into Chinese and modified them after back-translation. We then used two separate Chinese samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f350 and 309, respectively) to explore and validate the factor structure of both CAQ measures. In Study 2, we used a third sample of Chinese college students (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f388) to examine reliability and construct validity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The original 3 and 2-factor structures for CAQ-Worry and CAQ-General Emotion, respectively, were replicated with acceptable reliability. Compared to the original version, both subscales had acceptable convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity for GAD symptomatology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validation of the CAQs in Chinese allows for future studies of cultural differences in avoiding emotional contrasts and their relationship with mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1643139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:47:44Z","timestamp":1773384464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Chinese version of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jieting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Psychology, Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Llera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Towson University","place":["Towson, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingcong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Psychology, Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Psychology, Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University","place":["University Park, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102679","article-title":"The transdiagnostic use of worry and rumination to avoid negative emotional contrasts following negative events: a momentary assessment study","volume":"95","author":"Baik","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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