{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:21:33Z","timestamp":1793416893115,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mentalizing deficits have been observed across various psychiatric disorders, but there is currently no systematic review or meta-analysis about the differences of mentalizing performance in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) compared to non-clinical or clinical controls. The aim of the present paper is to fill this gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PsycInfo, Psyndex, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey and Open Doar was conducted up to June 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Altogether 3,796 records were identified and screened according to the PRISMA guidelines. Ten cross-sectional case-controls studies in patients with SSD and controls (12 publications,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f314) were found eligible for our review, out of which nine studies were included in our meta-analysis. High risk of bias and modest methodological quality was found in the majority of the studies using the AHRQ method. SSD patients demonstrated significant impairments in mentalizing in general as well as in mentalizing about cognitive and affective states (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001) compared to non-clinical controls. A homogeneous effect of undermentalizing (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.007) was observed compared to non-clinical controls, though no significant mentalizing differences were found between the observed patient group and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with SSD exhibit reduced mentalizing performance compared to non-clinical controls, but no mentalizing deficit could be shown compared to those with MDD or PTSD, likely due to the limited number and methodological heterogeneity of relevant studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=462714<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1704193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T14:16:07Z","timestamp":1770992167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mentalizing impairments in somatic symptom disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Kocsis-Bogar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Deri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nika","family":"Mikl\u00f3si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Wildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Library, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kaltenboeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion C.","family":"Aichberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(00)00014-9","article-title":"Do triangles play tricks?: attribution of mental states to animated shapes in normal and abnormal development","volume":"15","author":"Abell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cogn. Dev."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7958375","article-title":"Neurohumoral profiles and childhood adversity of patients with multisomatoform disorder and pain as the leading bodily symptom","volume":"2022","author":"Achenbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029137","article-title":"On what ground do we mentalize? Characteristics of current tasks and sources of information that contribute to mentalizing judgments","volume":"25","author":"Achim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00202-6","article-title":"The neurobiology of social cognition","volume":"11","author":"Adolphs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref5","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02117.x","article-title":"Neurocognitive functioning in women presenting with undifferentiated somatoform disorders in Oman","volume":"64","author":"Al-Adawi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.130","article-title":"Social anxiety and behavioral assessments of social cognition: a systematic review","volume":"311","author":"Alvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2012.676055","article-title":"What is \"theory of mind\"? Concepts, cognitive processes and individual differences","volume":"65","author":"Apperly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715","article-title":"The \"Reading the mind in the eyes\" test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism","volume":"42","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000287","article-title":"Assessing the new DSM-5 diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder","volume":"78","author":"Barsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.903","article-title":"Somatization increases medical utilization and costs independent of psychiatric and medical comorbidity","volume":"62","author":"Barsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001993","article-title":"Meta-analyis of Theory of Mind (ToM) impairments in bipolar disorder","volume":"46","author":"Bora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine,"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386","volume-title":"Introduction to Meta-analysis","author":"Borenstein","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.003","article-title":"Introduction to the special issue on medically unexplained symptoms: background and future directions","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.002","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 'Systems for Social Processes' in eating disorders","volume":"42","author":"Caglar-Nazali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1097\/Nmd.0000000000001399","article-title":"Theory of mind in somatization and depression. Is it cause or phenomenon?","volume":"209","author":"Cetin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro201911904132","article-title":"Impairments of cognitive control in patients with somatoform disorders and their treatment","volume":"119","author":"Chutko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zh. Nevrol. Psikhiatr. Im. S S Korsakova"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114729","article-title":"Functional neuro-anatomy of social cognition in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review","volume":"315","author":"Couette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241309747","article-title":"A systematic review of neurocognition and social cognition in body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"59","author":"Court","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113","article-title":"Measuring individual-differences in empathy - evidence for a multidimensional approach","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21392","article-title":"Altered brain activity during emotional empathy in somatoform disorder","volume":"33","author":"De Greck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003300","article-title":"Neurocognitive dysfunctioning and the impact of comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with somatic symptom and related disorders: a cross-sectional clinical study","volume":"48","author":"de Vroege","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13137","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13137","article-title":"Willing and able? Theory of mind, social motivation, and social competence in middle childhood and early adolescence","volume":"25","author":"Devine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.012","article-title":"The role of alexithymia in social cognition: evidence from a non -clinical population","volume":"273","author":"Di Tella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2024.2315932","article-title":"The relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and bodily distress syndrome: the mediating role of somatoform dissociation","volume":"185","author":"Doustmohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Genet. Psychol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0107-0","article-title":"Introducing MASC: a movie for the assessment of social cognition","volume":"36","author":"Dziobek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2023.2226114","article-title":"Knowing me, knowing you: a scoping review assessing the current field of social cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"77","author":"Eriksdotter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291703001326","article-title":"Schizophrenia and theory of mind","volume":"34","author":"Frith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1692","article-title":"Cognitive psychology - interacting minds - a biological basis","volume":"286","author":"Frith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4005","article-title":"Social cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20624","article-title":"Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: current evidence and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21353","article-title":"The epidemiology of ICD-11 bodily distress disorder and DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder in new large-scale population surveys within the world mental health survey initiative","volume":"24","author":"Gureje","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/phenningsen","article-title":"Management of somatic symptom disorder","volume":"20","author":"Henningsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.229","article-title":"Clinical assessment of social cognitive function in neurological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Henry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4","author":"Higgins","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110712","article-title":"Individual treatment goals and factors influencing goal attainment in patients with somatic symptom disorder from the perspective of clinicians: a concept mapping study","volume":"154","author":"Hijne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9091128","article-title":"Somatic symptoms and sleep disorders: a literature review of their relationship, comorbidities and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Ionescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.11.015","article-title":"What is the problem with medically unexplained symptoms for GPs? A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"100","author":"Johansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1037\/cps0000105","article-title":"The association between mentalizing and psychopathology: a meta-analysis of the Reading the mind in the eyes task across psychiatric disorders","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol.-Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723001654","article-title":"Same same, but different: effects of likelihood framing on concerns about a medical disease in patients with somatoform disorders, major depression, and healthy people","volume":"53","author":"Kube","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref1002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2023.100631","article-title":"The social cost of depression: Investigating the impact of impaired social emotion regulation, social cognition, and interpersonal behavior on social functioning","volume":"14","author":"Kupferberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Reports,"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.02.004","article-title":"Role of theory of mind in emotional awareness and alexithymia: implications for conceptualization and measurement","volume":"33","author":"Lane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5501&2_12","article-title":"The levels of emotional awareness scale - a cognitive-developmental measure of emotion","volume":"55","author":"Lane","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence9030042","article-title":"Levels of emotional awareness: theory and measurement of a socio-emotional skill","volume":"9","author":"Lane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intelligence"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.05.003","article-title":"Course and predictors of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder in patients with vertigo and dizziness symptoms - a longitudinal study","volume":"77","author":"Limburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-024-01571-8","article-title":"Personality disorders and clinical disorders: the challenge of comorbid autism Spectrum disorder (ASD), eating disorders (EDs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or somatic symptom disorder (SSD)","volume":"27","author":"Links","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110876","article-title":"Somatic symptom disorder: a scoping review on the empirical evidence of a new diagnosis","volume":"157","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0001268","article-title":"It is not all about you: communicative cooperation is determined by your partner's theory of mind abilities as well as your own","volume":"50","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2011.05.014","article-title":"Validation of social cognition rating tools in Indian setting (SOCRATIS): a new test-battery to assess social cognition","volume":"4","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.09.006","article-title":"Different aspects of theory of mind in paranoid schizophrenia: evidence from a video-based assessment","volume":"186","author":"Montag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.01.053","article-title":"The process of emotion identification: considerations for psychiatric disorders","volume":"148","author":"Morie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2023.2266172","article-title":"Dynamic and\/or multimodal assessments for social cognition in neuropsychology: results from a systematic literature review","volume":"38","author":"Msika","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000732","article-title":"Are self-report cognitive empathy ratings valid proxies for cognitive empathy ability? Negligible meta-analytic relations with behavioral task performance","volume":"31","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12142","article-title":"Theory of mind performance in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse","volume":"129","author":"Nazarov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.049","article-title":"Theory of mind disturbances in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"270","author":"N\u00e9meth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsae009","article-title":"Topical review: getting into the head of youth with chronic pain: how theory of mind deficits may relate to the development and maintenance of pediatric pain","volume":"49","author":"Nestor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31827e60f3","article-title":"Neural correlates of deficits in pain-related affective meaning construction in patients with chronic pain disorder","volume":"75","author":"Noll-Hussong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000182","article-title":"Theory of mind is not theory of emotion: a cautionary note on the Reading the mind in the eyes test","volume":"125","author":"Oakley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105441","article-title":"Comparison of social cognition and neurocognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Ozbek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.980392","article-title":"The relationship between theory of mind and executive functions in major depressive disorders: a review","volume":"13","author":"Pagnoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.036","article-title":"The relationship between alexithymia and theory of mind: a systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Pisani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00076512","article-title":"Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?","volume":"1","author":"Premack","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s44271-024-00077-6","article-title":"Defining key concepts for mental state attribution","volume":"2","author":"Quesque","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Psychol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1710","article-title":"Epidemiology of body dysmorphic disorder among adolescents: a study of their cognitive functions","volume":"12","author":"Rajabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638","article-title":"The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results","volume":"86","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2014.989558","article-title":"Problems with DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder","volume":"16","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"ref69","author":"Rostom","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref70","author":"Ruckmann","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00440.x","article-title":"Facial affect perception and mentalizing abilities in female patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder","volume":"18","author":"Sch\u00f6nenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12357","article-title":"Affective and cognitive theory of mind in posttraumatic stress, major depressive, and somatic symptom disorders: association with childhood trauma","volume":"61","author":"Seitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000288543","article-title":"Affect, emotional conflict, and deficit - an overview","volume":"56","author":"Sifneos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00867","article-title":"Childhood adversity impairs theory of mind abilities in adult patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701881538","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment in patients with somatization disorder","volume":"42","author":"Spitzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181d35e83","article-title":"Theory of mind and emotional awareness deficits in patients with somatoform disorders","volume":"72","author":"Subic-Wrana","year":"","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00278-010-0754-7","article-title":"Mentalization deficits of patients in psychosomatic inpatient treatment","volume":"55","author":"Subic-Wrana","year":"","journal-title":"Psychotherapeut"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00192-6","article-title":"Behavioral planning in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"11","author":"Tanji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_382_18","article-title":"Deficits in theory of mind and emotional awareness in somatoform disorders","volume":"41","author":"Thamby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216828","article-title":"Alexithymia in patients with somatization difficulties and tinnitus-related distress: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"von Schoenhueb","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.012","article-title":"Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref83","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases And Related Health problems","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100942","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100942","article-title":"Scoping review update on somatic symptom disorder that includes additional Chinese data","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104151","article-title":"The association between emotional regulation dimensions and somatic symptom disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105481","article-title":"Measures of individual differences in adult theory of mind: a systematic review","volume":"157","author":"Yeung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140016","article-title":"Theory of mind and emotional awareness in chronic somatoform pain patients","volume":"10","author":"Zunhammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1704193\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T14:16:10Z","timestamp":1770992170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1704193\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1704193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1704193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"article-number":"1704193"}}