{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:11:34Z","timestamp":1778825494369,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis is used globally. In Spain, it is often used in combination with tobacco, which may exacerbate withdrawal severity. Currently, no validated instrument exists to assess cannabis withdrawal symptoms in Spanish populations. This study aimed to validate the 15-item Cannabis (Marijuana) Withdrawal Checklist (CWC) for Spanish-speaking individuals who co-use cannabis and tobacco.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This psychometric validation study was nested within a multicenter longitudinal project conducted across 10 substance use treatment programs in Catalonia (Spain). The CWC was forward- and back-translated following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) recommendations. Internal consistency, construct validity, and sensitivity to change over time were assessed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and mixed-effects analysis. Data from 82 participants were used to conduct the validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The adapted CWC demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.918 at baseline; 0.885 at 2\u202fweeks of treatment). EFA supported a unidimensional structure explaining approximately 60% of the variance. Although symptom severity did not significantly change over follow-up, withdrawal intensity was positively associated with the level of cannabis use. The scale effectively captured clinically relevant symptoms such as irritability, craving, and sleep difficulties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Spanish CWC showed strong reliability and acceptable psychometric properties, supporting its use for assessing cannabis withdrawal symptoms in Spanish-speaking adults, particularly those who co-use tobacco products. The scale may be valuable in both research and clinical settings, particularly for monitoring withdrawal during treatment interventions. Further validation using larger, more diverse samples is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT0551209.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1744004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:41:53Z","timestamp":1778823713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric validation of the Cannabis Withdrawal Checklist in a Spanish sample with cannabis use disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Saura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia \u2013 ICO, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias \u2013 CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"Feliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias \u2013 CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Enr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia \u2013 ICO, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Ballb\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia \u2013 ICO, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias \u2013 CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Addictions Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona \u2013 IDIBAPS","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia \u2013 ICO, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias \u2013 CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Mental Health, and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing \u2013 Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona - UB","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretariat of Public Health, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esteve","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia \u2013 ICO, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias \u2013 CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Secretariat of Public Health, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia \u2013 ICO, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias \u2013 CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490802019519","article-title":"Is there evidence for symptoms of Cannabis withdrawal in the National Epidemiologic Survey of alcohol and related conditions?","volume":"17","author":"Agrawal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. 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Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1744004\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:41:55Z","timestamp":1778823715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1744004\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1744004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1744004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"article-number":"1744004"}}