{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T19:43:08Z","timestamp":1788118988536,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual assault affects approximately 35.6% of women globally. In Indonesia, one in three women aged 15\u201364 has experienced physical and\/or sexual violence, often resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While evidence-based PTSD treatments exist, they often face limitations in cultural relevance and applicability in low-resource settings. Somatic Experiencing\u00ae, a body-oriented trauma therapy, has shown promise across diverse populations, yet remains underexplored among Indonesian women survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted, group-based SE\u00ae intervention tailored for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed-method, cross-sectional design was employed for this Phase 1: Development and Cultural Validation Study. The development process followed the Generalized Model for Program Planning, encompassing needs assessment, goal setting, intervention design, module creation, translation, and cultural validation using the Cultural Relevance Questionnaire (CRQ). Expert reviewers provided both quantitative and qualitative feedback to refine linguistic, conceptual, and cultural fit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The adapted intervention demonstrated high levels of cultural relevance: linguistic (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f4.67; 93%), conceptual (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f4.46; 93%), and cultural (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f4.60; 90%). Expert reviewers supported that the intervention aligned with key Indonesian cultural values, including collectivism, emotional restraint, and indirect communication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents Phase 1 of a three-phase research program to establish a culturally grounded, group-based Somatic Experiencing\u00ae intervention for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault. This Phase 1 study focuses exclusively on intervention development and expert-based cultural validation. With Phase 2 (feasibility and pilot) successfully completed and the Phase 3 RCT protocol published, the program provides a rigorous, sequential foundation for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of SE in low-resource, collectivist contexts. Feasibility, participant acceptability, and clinical effectiveness are addressed in subsequent phases of the research program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1751747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:48:20Z","timestamp":1779364100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cultural development and validation of a group-based Somatic Experiencing\u00ae intervention for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms: a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ligina","family":"Ayudia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran","place":["Bandung, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick Dermawan","family":"Purba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran","place":["Bandung, Indonesia"]},{"name":"Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran","place":["Bandung, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cultural Anthropology and Development Sociology, Leiden University","place":["Leiden, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aulia","family":"Iskandarsyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran","place":["Bandung, Indonesia"]},{"name":"Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran","place":["Bandung, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Uji Validitas Instrumen Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) versi Bahasa Indonesia: The Validation Study of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) in Indonesia","author":"Almasyhur","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.22491\/1678-4669.20190025","article-title":"A systematic review of somatic intervention treatments in PTSD: does somatic experiencing\u00ae (SE\u00ae) have the potential to be a suitable choice?","volume":"24","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Estudos de Psicologia (Natal)"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"DSM-5-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543629","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2543629","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Indonesian version of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in a trauma-exposed sample of women","volume":"16","author":"Ayudia","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. 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