{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:57:43Z","timestamp":1790996263822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parent-adolescent relationship quality is vital for youth\u2019s emotional and behavioral development; yet, it may be adversely impacted by neurodevelopmental disorders like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to examine whether ADHD diagnosis and medication status are associated with differences in specific dimensions of parent\u2013adolescent relationship quality \u2013 namely open communication, positive relationship quality, and negative relationship quality \u2013 while accounting for internet addiction as a contextual covariate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 155 adolescents, aged 12\u201318 (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14.23 years, SD = 1.83), participated in this study. The participants were categorized into three groups: adolescents without ADHD (control group,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58), those with ADHD not receiving medication (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 55), and adolescents with ADHD for at least 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 42). We evaluated the parent-adolescent relationship quality across three dimensions: positive, open, and negative relationship quality with both parents. Multivariate Analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) were utilized to assess the impact of ADHD diagnosis and pharmacological treatment on relationship quality, controlling for age, sex, and internet addiction (IA) as factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After controlling for age and internet addiction, medication na\u00efve adolescents with ADHD had significantly lower levels of open communication with mothers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) and fathers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) compared to adolescents with ADHD on medication and the control group, with the latter two groups not differing significantly from one another in this sample. No significant group differences were observed in negative relationship quality, and other positive relationship dimensions largely converged across groups. A higher level of IA was associated with higher negative relationship quality with both parents (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) across the full sample; whether this association differs by ADHD diagnosis or medication status was not formally tested and cannot be determined from the present analyses. We identified age as a factor of lower father\u2013adolescent relationship quality (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022). Still, we found sex to be insignificant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, group differences were domain-specific: medication-na\u00efve adolescents with ADHD reported significantly lower open communication with both parents, whereas no robust group differences emerged for positive or negative relationship quality. In contrast, adolescents receiving pharmacological treatment did not significantly differ from the control group on these dimensions in this sample. These findings suggest that pharmacological treatment status is associated with differences in open communication patterns in families with adolescents with ADHD; however, the cross-sectional and non-randomized nature of our design precludes causal inference. Also, the finding that IA showed a significant main effect on relationship quality across the full sample highlights the importance of considering internet usage patterns when working with families of adolescents with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1761478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:19:38Z","timestamp":1777609178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Examining the impact of ADHD, pharmacological treatment, and internet addiction on the parent-adolescent relationships quality"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"\u00d6zaslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Psychology Research Centre, Khazar University","place":["Baku, Azerbaijan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem Aktar","family":"Song\u00fcr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samet Can","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lokman Hekim University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eeyma","family":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Etlik City Hospital","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Centre, Khazar University","place":["Baku, Azerbaijan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, A\u011fr\u0131 \u0130brahim \u00c7e\u00e7en University","place":["A\u011fr\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alican","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, A\u011fr\u0131 \u0130brahim \u00c7e\u00e7en University","place":["A\u011fr\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Celal","family":"Uras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Elemenatary Mathematics Education, A\u011fr\u0131 \u0130brahim \u00c7e\u00e7en University","place":["A\u011fr\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina Lucia","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydan","family":"Vehbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"G\u00fcney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvan","family":"\u0130\u015feri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Commodari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"G\u00f3mez-Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva","place":["Huelva, Spain"]},{"name":"Safety and Health Postgraduate Program, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo","place":["Guayaquil, Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916692","article-title":"Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Mother-adolescent interactions, family beliefs and conflicts, and maternal psychopathology.","volume":"20","author":"Barkley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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