{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:01:39Z","timestamp":1789970499466,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research on self-stigma among justice-involved adolescents is limited by a lack of dedicated instruments and an overreliance on explicit self-reports susceptible to social desirability bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two studies were conducted. Study 1 developed and validated the Self-Stigma Scale for Adolescents in Conflict with the Law (SSS-ACL), confirming a two-factor structure comprising perceived and internalized stigma with sound psychometric properties. Study 2 employed two IRAP protocols based on the DAARRE model to capture spontaneous relational responding for each dimension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This showed that 81.08% of participants displayed positive implicit perceived stigma (automatic group-negative associations), whereas only 25.68% displayed positive implicit internalized stigma (automatic negative self-linkages); he two implicit indices were uncorrelated. Explicit-implicit correlations were conditional: explicit internalized stigma was unrelated to both IRAP indices, explicit perceived stigma was only marginally associated with its implicit counterpart, and explicit perceived stigma showed a small positive correlation with implicit internalized stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that perceived and internalized stigma are functionally distinct at both reflective and spontaneous levels, and that robust implicit perceived stigma does not automatically translate into internalized self-stigma, consistent with a possible self-protective function. Practically, combining explicit and implicit measures may improve stigma assessment, and interventions should prioritize blocking internalization over merely reducing awareness of public stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1767941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:35:30Z","timestamp":1789968930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of self-stigma scale for adolescents in conflict with the law and its association with implicit self-stigma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"name":"Institute for Education and Treatment of Problematic Youth, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guiyang No.45 Middle School","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianglin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guiyang No.45 Middle School","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bangman","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanbaiti Middle School","place":["Renhuai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, China"]},{"name":"Institute for Education and Treatment of Problematic Youth, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421001723","article-title":"Characterizing trajectories of anxiety, depression, and criminal offending in male adolescents over the 5 years following their first arrest.","volume":"35","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. 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