{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:53:16Z","timestamp":1792651996607,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electroencephalography (EEG) recently celebrated its 100-year anniversary, having revolutionized the study of cognitive function across species. Over the past century, neuroelectric measures such as resting-state EEG, event-related potentials (ERP), and event-related oscillations (ERO) have become indispensable not only for advancing our understanding of brain function but also for identifying valuable biomarkers for diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders and evaluating the efficacy of novel therapies. Compared to resting state activity and ERPs, EROs\u2014oscillatory dynamics time-locked to and modulated by task events\u2014remain relatively underutilized in evaluating treatment outcomes, despite growing evidence of their potential. Our recent findings from a rat model of alcohol addiction indicate that event-related beta oscillations are sensitive markers of cognitive function and recovery following therapeutic interventions. Both pharmacological treatment with psilocybin and targeted electrical stimulation induced a shift in dominant beta activity from higher to lower sub-bands during an auditory oddball task, underscoring the importance of sub-band\u2013specific analyses beyond aggregate beta power as potential indicators of treatment efficacy acknowledging functional distinctions within the beta range. Despite these promising observations, systematic investigations of beta sub-band activity for diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders remain scarce. Here, I propose that event-related beta oscillations are an underexplored yet highly promising biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of neuromodulatory interventions, including brain stimulation and neurofeedback, in both preclinical and clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1779055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T07:08:22Z","timestamp":1770793702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The potential of event-related beta oscillations as biomarkers for neuromodulatory treatment efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Habelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","place":["Dresden, Germany"]},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden","place":["Dresden, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804490-2.00003-8","article-title":"Technical aspects of brain rhythms and speech parameters","volume-title":"Introduction to EEG- and speech-based emotion recognition","author":"Abhang","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548478","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1548478","article-title":"Neuroplastic effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from mechanisms to clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Agboada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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