{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:53:11Z","timestamp":1775713991298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Organized sport promotes physical and psychological health in adolescents, improving emotional regulation, self-efficacy and resilience, which are essential for preventing addiction. This study validates an adapted ESTUDES scale for measuring consumption and risk perception in young athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive cross-sectional study with 914 adolescent footballers from Ja\u00e9n and Granada (aged 12\u201318). The ESTUDES 2023 questionnaire (20 items on tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, gambling, and risk perception) was adapted, applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five factors were identified, explaining 73.47% of the variance: tobacco use, alcohol use, gambling, cannabis use, and risk perceptions. Reliability was adequate (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.863) with satisfactory fit indices (CFI\u202f=\u202f0.920; RMSEA\u202f=\u202f0.060). The highest correlations appeared between tobacco and alcohol (0.564), while risk perceptions showed negative relationships with all types of consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scale demonstrated adequate validity and consistency, constituting a useful tool for assessing addictive behaviors and designing preventive programs for adolescent athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1818238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:21:01Z","timestamp":1775712061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk perception and neuro-emotional development in adolescent athletes: psychometric validation of the ESTUDES scales for preventive guidance contexts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Armenteros Mayoral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedagogy Department, Universidad de Granada","place":["Granada, Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Evaluaci\u00f3n Educativa","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franciso Manuel","family":"Raso S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Didactics and Scholar Organization, Universidad de Granada","place":["Granada, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro Manuel","family":"\u00dabeda S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedagogy Department, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Ja\u00e9n, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"\u00c1lvarez Ferr\u00e1ndiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Didactics and Scholar Organization, Universidad de Granada","place":["Granada, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101164","article-title":"The experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"15","author":"Aitchison","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil. 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