{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:01:21Z","timestamp":1780290081492,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical education undergraduates are frequently exposed to high-arousal, confrontational situations during training and competition, where aggressive behavior can disrupt athletic order and team functioning. Although trait mindfulness has been associated with aggression-related outcomes, the statistical pathways in sport contexts remain unclear. This study examined whether anger rumination and self-control showed statistical indirect effects in the association between trait mindfulness and aggressive behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 786 physical education undergraduates at a university in Xinjiang, China, from February 13 to 20, 2026, via the Wenjuanxing platform. Trait mindfulness, anger rumination, self-control, and aggressive behavior were assessed, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-construct measurement model. A serial mediation model (mindfulness \u2192 anger rumination \u2192 self-control \u2192 aggressive behavior) was estimated using PROCESS Model 6 with 5,000 bootstrap resamples, controlling for sex and academic year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Trait mindfulness was negatively associated with aggressive behavior (total effect, unstandardized\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.632, 95% CI [\u22120.689, \u22120.575]); it was also negatively associated with anger rumination and positively associated with self-control. The total indirect effect was significant (unstandardized\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.314, 95% CI [\u22120.362, \u22120.266]), as were indirect effects via anger rumination (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.127, 95% CI [\u22120.165, \u22120.092]) and self-control (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.136, 95% CI [\u22120.171, \u22120.101]) and the serial indirect effect (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.051, 95% CI [\u22120.068, \u22120.037]). The direct association remained significant after accounting for the indirect effects (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.318, 95% CI [\u22120.383, \u22120.252]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher trait mindfulness was associated with lower aggressive behavior, and this association was partly accounted for by lower anger rumination and higher self-control. Given the cross-sectional design, these findings should be interpreted as statistical associations and indirect effects rather than evidence of temporal ordering or causality; longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to test temporal ordering and causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1823802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T04:18:42Z","timestamp":1780287522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trait mindfulness and aggressive behavior in physical education undergraduates: a cross-sectional serial mediation analysis of anger rumination and self-control"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hanyang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, College of Arts and Sciences Kunming, Kunming","place":["Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.03.034","article-title":"The general aggression model.","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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