{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T07:02:39Z","timestamp":1779692559369,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although peer victimization is a known risk factor for depression, the specific mediating and moderating processes need further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research used self-report data from 58,753 fourth graders to measure peer victimization, selfesteem, resilience, and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis showed that peer victimization was associated with depression both directly (71.92%) and indirectly (28.08%). The relationship between peer victimization and depression was partially mediated by self-esteem. Resilience exhibited a protective-enhancing effect in the relationship between peer victimization and depression: its role strengthened as peer victimization worsens. Whereas, resilience demonstrated protective-reactive effect of both peer victimization on self-esteem and self-esteem on depression, its protective effect attenuated when high victimization coincided with very low self-esteem. Clarified that protective-enhancing applies only to the direct path, while protective-reactive applies to the two indirect paths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although peer victimization is a crucial predictor of depression, effective interventions for depression must extend beyond fostering supportive peer environments by also targeting key internal processes\u2014specifically, by building resilience and disrupting the internalization of victimization into negative self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1829714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T06:04:54Z","timestamp":1779689094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship between peer victimization and depression: a moderated mediation model of self-esteem and resilience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pingyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University","place":["Qufu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiani","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University","place":["Qufu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1016236018858","article-title":"Depressive mood reactions to failure in the achievement domain: a test of the integration of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression","volume":"26","author":"Abela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cogn. 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