{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:18:04Z","timestamp":1783491484677,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Social support may be crucial for the health and wellbeing of populations facing adversity, such as homelessness, intimate partner violence, or economic vulnerability. However, vulnerable individuals are usually at a high risk of social exclusion, having restricted social networks and limited social support. Companion animals constitute a potential source of support, but their relative contribution compared to other sources remains underexplored. In this study, we adopted a multifaceted approach to social support to investigate the relative importance and supportive functions of human and animal sources within the social support networks of 100 vulnerable individuals who were users of an intervention program. Participants rated the degree to which they considered their closest companion animal (dog\/cat) a family member and answered a questionnaire regarding their social support network, in which they nominated and ranked sources of support based on their relevance. Our findings demonstrate that dogs and cats were considered genuine family members and constituted an important source of support. They were frequently the sole providers of companionship and emotional comfort, as well as of opportunities for physical closeness and nurturance. However, our results also indicate that human relationships remain necessary to meet other aspects of social support, such as obtaining guidance (informational support), receiving material or behavioural assistance (instrumental support) and gaining social recognition or approval. In sum, companion animals are a significant part of the already fragile social networks of vulnerable individuals; hence, protecting this bond is fundamental.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1831814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:53:32Z","timestamp":1783490012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dogs and cats as sources of companionship and emotional support in vulnerable animal caregivers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Boada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affinity Foundation Chair for Animals and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00efs","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Advice and Action in the Defence of Animals (FAADA)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noe","family":"Terrassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Advice and Action in the Defence of Animals (FAADA)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Bulbena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affinity Foundation Chair for Animals and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affinity Foundation Chair for Animals and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Veterinary College","place":["North Mymms, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Fatj\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affinity Foundation Chair for Animals and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2021.100071","article-title":"Love, fear, and the human-animal bond: on adversity and multispecies relationships","volume":"7","author":"Applebaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Psychoneuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3700887","article-title":"Motives and risks of self-disclosure to robots versus humans","volume":"14","author":"Augustine","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Hum.-Robot Interact."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016140","article-title":"Main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on the well-being of survivors of intimate partner violence across 2\u202fyears","volume":"77","author":"Beeble","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Companion Animals and Us: Exploring the Relationships Between People and Pets","author":"Bonas","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622060","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.622060","article-title":"The value of companion dogs as a source of social support for their owners: findings from a pre-pandemic representative sample and a convenience sample obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain","volume":"12","author":"Bowen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2020.05.013","article-title":"The effects of the Spanish COVID-19 lockdown on people, their pets, and the human-animal bond","volume":"40","author":"Bowen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12051","article-title":"Loneliness and social support of older people in China: a systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Soc. Care Community"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2021.101676","article-title":"Animal abuse in the context of adult intimate partner violence: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Cleary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-019-00967-6","article-title":"The homeless and their animal companions: an integrative review","volume":"47","author":"Cleary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Admin. Pol. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1089\/15246090260137644","article-title":"Social support protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health","volume":"11","author":"Coker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Womens Health Gend. Based Med."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00122-1","article-title":"Social support reduces the impact of partner violence on health: application of structural equation models","volume":"37","author":"Coker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev. Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.6.1053","article-title":"A safe haven: an attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships","volume":"78","author":"Collins","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101298","article-title":"Pawsitive connections: the role of pet support programs and pets on the elderly","volume":"42","author":"Cryer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000616","article-title":"Social support and networks among people experiencing chronic homelessness: a systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Cummings","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-647","article-title":"Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Dickens","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.08.005","article-title":"Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: review and commentary of a National Academies Report","volume":"28","author":"Donovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2752\/089279306785415592","article-title":"Development of the Monash dog owner relationship scale (MDORS)","volume":"19","author":"Dwyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp2802_3","article-title":"Reigning cats and dogs: a pet-enhancement bias and its link to pet attachment, pet-self similarity, self-enhancement, and well-being","volume":"28","author":"El-Alayli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Soc. Psych."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02056.x","article-title":"Creating social connection through inferential reproduction","volume":"19","author":"Epley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2018.1455467","article-title":"Self-disclosure with dogs: dog owners\u2019 and non-dog owners\u2019 willingness to disclose emotional topics","volume":"31","author":"Evans-Wilday","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0319","article-title":"Aging, social distancing, and COVID-19 risk: Who is more vulnerable and why?","volume":"12","author":"Faraji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"The Routledge International Handbook of Human-Animal Interactions and Anthrozoology","author":"Fatj\u00f3","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868314544222","article-title":"New look at social support: a theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships","volume":"19","author":"Feeney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/016059760703100405","article-title":"\u201cThey gave me a reason to live\u201d: the protective effects of companion animals on the suicidality of abused women","volume":"31","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Soc."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1163\/156853000511032","article-title":"Battered women and their animal companions: symbolic interaction between human and nonhuman animals","volume":"8","author":"Flynn","year":"","journal-title":"Soc. Anim."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/10778010022181778","article-title":"Woman\u2019s best friend","volume":"6","author":"Flynn","year":"","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x","article-title":"Attachment formation and transfer in young adults\u2019 close friendships and romantic relationships","volume":"4","author":"Fraley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pers. Relat."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.21.6.1016","article-title":"Children\u2019s perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks","volume":"21","author":"Furman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2019.1569903","article-title":"A systematic review of research on pet ownership and animal interactions among older adults","volume":"32","author":"Gee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Adult Attachment","author":"Gillath","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1079\/hai.2020.0014","article-title":"\u2018Thriving through relationships\u2019 as a useful adjunct to existing theoretical frameworks used in human-companion dog interaction literature","volume":"8","author":"Gravrok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Anim. Interact. Bull."},{"key":"ref33","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/1044389418767836","article-title":"Intimate partner violence survivors and pets: exploring practitioners\u2019 experiences in addressing client needs","volume":"99","author":"Hageman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fam. Soc."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2023.2182029","article-title":"Social support and wellbeing in cat and dog owners, and the moderating influence of pet\u2013owner relationship quality","volume":"36","author":"Hardie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"The Process of Relinquishing Parents as Attachment Figures","author":"Hazan","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Attachment Processes in Adulthood","author":"Hazan","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877950","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.877950","article-title":"Why do people want dogs? A mixed-methods study of motivations for dog Acquisition in the United Kingdom","volume":"9","author":"Holland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2017.02.024","article-title":"Development of the cat-owner relationship scale (CORS)","volume":"141","author":"Howell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2019.1650863","article-title":"Companion animals and health in older populations: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12455","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12455","article-title":"More-than-human families: pets, people, and practices in multispecies households","volume":"11","author":"Irvine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sociol. Compass"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(95)01008-4","article-title":"Owner characteristics and interactions and the prevalence of canine behaviour problems","volume":"47","author":"Jagoe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512469103","article-title":"Differences in social network structure and support among women in violent relationships","volume":"28","author":"Katerndahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2019.1650325","article-title":"Pet ownership and homelessness: a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Kerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Soc. Distress Homeless"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2019.1569906","article-title":"Loneliness, depression, and physical activity in older adults: the therapeutic role of human\u2013animal interactions","volume":"32","author":"Krause-Parello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407507087958","article-title":"Pet dogs as attachment figures","volume":"25","author":"Kurdek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relat."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014979","article-title":"Pet dogs as attachment figures for adult owners","volume":"23","author":"Kurdek","year":"","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2752\/089279309X12538695316149","article-title":"Young adults\u2019 attachment to pet dogs: findings from open-ended methods","volume":"22","author":"Kurdek","year":"","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2752\/175303711X12923300467447","article-title":"Homeless women\u2019s voices on incorporating companion animals into shelter services","volume":"24","author":"Labrecque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354220","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1354220","article-title":"Cognitive mechanisms and neurological foundations of companion animals\u2019 role in enhancing human psychological well-being","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S349836","article-title":"Do interventions reducing social vulnerability improve health in community dwelling older adults? A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Mah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024506","article-title":"Friends with benefits: on the positive consequences of pet ownership","volume":"101","author":"McConnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"The Psychology of Friendship","author":"McConnell","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2019.1621516","article-title":"We are family: viewing pets as family members improves wellbeing","volume":"32","author":"McConnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2023.2205188","article-title":"Services and interventions for people who are homeless with companion animals (pets): a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"McCosker","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soc. Distress Homelessness"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2017.1311050","article-title":"Using attachment theory and social support theory to examine and measure pets as sources of social support and attachment figures","volume":"30","author":"Meehan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2016.11.007","article-title":"Pets in danger: exploring the link between domestic violence and animal abuse","volume":"34","author":"Newberry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220947169","article-title":"The social network of victims of domestic violence: a network-based intervention model to improve relational autonomy","volume":"27","author":"Nolet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000043","article-title":"Deep in the heart of Texas: a phenomenological exploration of unsheltered homelessness","volume":"85","author":"Petrovich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2024.2425176","article-title":"Perceived relationships and the costs and benefits of dog ownership in Czech homeless and non-homeless people","volume":"38","author":"P\u0159ibylov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2141196","article-title":"The role of pets in the support systems of community-dwelling older adults: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Reniers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2005.00128.x","article-title":"Preliminary support for the use of a hierarchical mapping technique to examine attachment networks","volume":"12","author":"Rowe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers. Relat."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2021.1878683","article-title":"Homeless people and their dogs: exploring the nature and impact of the human\u2013companion animal bond","volume":"34","author":"Scanlon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13820","article-title":"COVID companions: exploring pets as social support","volume":"46","author":"Sudbury-Riley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sociol. Heal. Illn."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.1.78","article-title":"The nature of adult twin relationships: an attachment-theoretical perspective","volume":"90","author":"Tancredy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref67","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510395592","article-title":"Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health","volume":"52","author":"Thoits","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053251412946","article-title":"A new taxonomy of social support: clarifying supportive behaviours and measures","volume":"31","author":"Thomas","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.15453\/0191-5096.3875","article-title":"When \u2018places\u2019 include pets: broadening the scope of relational approaches to promoting aging-in-place","volume":"44","author":"Toohey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sociol. Soc. Welf."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407597145002","article-title":"Hierarchies of attachment relationships in young adulthood","volume":"14","author":"Trinke","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relat."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95515-8","article-title":"Similarities and differences between dog \u2013 human and human \u2013 human relationships","volume":"15","author":"Turcs\u00e1n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.05.017","article-title":"Social exclusion, health and hidden homelessness","volume":"139","author":"Watson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Doing unto Others: Joining, Molding, Conforming, Helping, Loving","author":"Weiss","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3743.2010.00259.x","article-title":"Upstream thinking and health promotion planning for older adults at risk of social isolation","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Older People Nurs."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122085","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122085","article-title":"The pet factor - companion animals as a conduit for getting to know people, friendship formation and social support","volume":"10","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1606\/1044-3894.3770","article-title":"Understanding social support of the homeless: a comparison of single men, single women, and women with children","volume":"89","author":"Zugazaga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fam. Soc."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1831814\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:53:35Z","timestamp":1783490015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1831814\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1831814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1831814","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"article-number":"1831814"}}