{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:07:23Z","timestamp":1779196043395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Embodied and embedded cognition (EEC) theory proposes that language and cognitive development emerge from bodily interactions with the environment, yet empirical tests of this claim in clinical developmental populations remain rare. This mini-review synthesizes behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural neuroimaging evidence from children with serious early motor disorders\u2014obstetric brachial plexus palsy and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita\u2014which restrict upper limb movement from birth or before, providing a unique opportunity to test EEC predictions in a motor-restricted population. The results reveal a gradient of cognitive and linguistic alterations: from domain-specific deficits in action-verb semantics and verbal fluency, to broader impairments in memory, categorical reasoning, and naturalistic neural processing. Based on these multimodal findings, we propose that early sensorimotor restriction does not only affect motor systems but may shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory of language and other distributed cognitive architectures through mechanisms of embodied grounding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1832623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:17:01Z","timestamp":1779193021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embodied language and early motor restriction: evidence from children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy and arthrogryposis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dzerassa","family":"Kadieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Blagoveshchensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioural Neurodynamics, St. Petersburg State University","place":["St. Petersburg, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Agranovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Turner Scientific Research Institute for Children\u2019s Orthopaedics","place":["St. Petersburg, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Myachykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Health and Intelligence Centre, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau","place":["Taipa, Macau SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Shestakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639","article-title":"Grounded cognition","volume":"59","author":"Barsalou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. 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