{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:00:25Z","timestamp":1793174425467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guided by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), this study examined whether trait mindfulness and psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance-related processes, assessed using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), were statistically linked to the association between physical exercise and depressive symptoms among college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional cluster sample was recruited from 11 general physical education classes at one university in Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 308 valid questionnaires were retained from 320 invited students. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Data were rechecked for missing values, duplicate records, out-of-range values, and potential outliers. Welchupl\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, Pearson correlations, standardized regression path models, and bootstrap-based serial indirect association analyses were conducted in R. Gender was included as a covariate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of at least mild depressive symptoms was 20.78% based on SDS standard scores. Physical exercise was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (\u03b2 = \u22120.264,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) and positively associated with mindfulness (\u03b2 = 0.286,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). After mindfulness was included, the direct association between physical exercise and AAQ-II-related scores was not significant (\u03b2 = \u22120.083,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.113). Mindfulness was negatively associated with AAQ-II-related scores and depressive symptoms, whereas AAQ-II-related scores were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Bootstrap analyses showed a significant indirect association through mindfulness and a significant serial indirect association through mindfulness followed by AAQ-II-related scores. The indirect path through AAQ-II-related scores alone was not significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical exercise was associated with lower depressive symptoms among college students, and this association was statistically linked to trait mindfulness and AAQ-II-related scores in a serial pattern. AAQ-II-related scores did not operate as an independent indirect pathway but appeared mainly within the pathway following mindfulness. Because the study was cross-sectional and based on self-report data from a single university, the findings should be interpreted as cross-sectional indirect associations rather than evidence of causal mediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1838963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T13:55:39Z","timestamp":1782136539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physical exercise and depression in college students: the serial mediating roles of mindfulness and experiential avoidance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Dinghui Experimental Primary School of Zhejiang Normal University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Yancheng Teachers University","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Dinghui Experimental Primary School of Zhejiang Normal University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, College of Teacher Education, Taizhou University","place":["Taizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-021-01770-x","article-title":"Monitoring and acceptance: Key dimensions in establishing mindfulness.","volume":"13","author":"An\u00e2layo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504","article-title":"Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness.","volume":"13","author":"Baer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/15283488.2019.1567341","article-title":"Identity processing style and depression: The mediational role of experiential avoidance and self-regulation.","volume":"19","author":"Berzonsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Identity"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","article-title":"Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance.","volume":"42","author":"Bond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. 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