{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:57:38Z","timestamp":1782863858464,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether participation in orienteering is associated with adolescents\u2019 depression and anxiety, and to examine whether the association between orienteering participation and depressive or anxiety symptoms was statistically linked to resilience, and whether ADHD symptoms moderated this indirect association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescents aged 10\u201319\u202fyears in Sichuan, China (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f1,154). Participants reported orienteering participation, resilience, ADHD symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Moderated mediation was tested using PROCESS, and predictive models (ridge regression and XGBoost) with SHAP values were used as a robustness check.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Orienteering participation was positively associated with resilience, and resilience was negatively associated with depression and anxiety. The direct associations between orienteering participation and depression\/anxiety were not significant; however, resilience showed significant indirect associations linking orienteering participation to lower depression and anxiety. ADHD symptoms moderated the second stage of the mediation, such that the protective indirect association via resilience was stronger at higher levels of ADHD symptoms (index of moderated mediation\u202f=\u202f\u22120.02 for both outcomes). Machine-learning models yielded moderate predictive performance (holdout\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f\u2248\u202f0.35 for depression and 0.29 for anxiety), with ADHD symptoms, resilience, and their interaction among the most influential predictors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orienteering participation was associated with fewer internalizing problems, and this association was statistically reflected in higher resilience. This indirect association was more pronounced among adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1843028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:11:49Z","timestamp":1782861109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orienteering and adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms: indirect associations via psychological resilience and moderation by ADHD symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Chengdu University of Technology","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longjiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingru","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, Yunnan Normal University","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyang","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0970-9064","article-title":"Immune and hormonal response to high-intensity exercise during orienteering","volume":"40","author":"Araujo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-020-00650-6","article-title":"Physiological and cognitive demands of orienteering: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Batista","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport Sci. Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00001.x","article-title":"Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation","volume":"1","author":"Baumeister","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105201","article-title":"Unraveling the unparalleled benefits of orienteering versus hiking on gait performance and cognition: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"117","author":"Biehl-Printes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20","article-title":"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?","volume":"59","author":"Bonanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20271","article-title":"Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor\u2013Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience","volume":"20","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101785","article-title":"The relationship between trait mindfulness and affective symptoms: a meta-analysis of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ)","volume":"74","author":"Carpenter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.24.1.68","article-title":"A grounded theory of expert cognition in orienteering","volume":"24","author":"Eccles","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013702","article-title":"From crowdsourcing to extreme citizen science: participatory research for environmental health","volume":"39","author":"English","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357","article-title":"ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE: a framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk","volume":"26","author":"Fergus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22690-8","article-title":"The effects of physical activity on the mental health of typically developing children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.13537","article-title":"The relationship between mental health and resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ghanei Gheshlagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1751","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1751","article-title":"Evidence for the reliability and preliminary validity of the adult ADHD self-report scale v1.1 (ASRS v1.1) screener in an adolescent community sample","volume":"28","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.02.009","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of a self-report scale to measure adolescent depression: the CESDR-10 in two national adolescent samples in the United States","volume":"158","author":"Haroz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640","article-title":"Conservation of resources in the organizational context: the reality of resources and their consequences","volume":"5","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539162","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1539162","article-title":"The influence of negative emotions on adolescents\u2019 pathological gaming: the role of self-control in the associations with aggression, academic stress, and pathological gaming","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00670-3","article-title":"Self-regulation facets differentially predict internalizing symptom trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence: a longitudinal multimethod study","volume":"17","author":"Klinge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"5","article-title":"Stress levels among college students and their relationship with physical exercise","volume":"1","author":"Liang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275917","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1275917","article-title":"Mental health and quality of life in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"11","author":"Orban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070966","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"171","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000334","article-title":"Results from the child\/adolescent anxiety multimodal longitudinal study (CAMELS): functional outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Swan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62379","DOI":"10.12775\/QS.2025.43.62379","article-title":"The impact of physical activity on mental health of children and adolescents: a comprehensive review of current research and clinical implications","volume":"43","author":"\u015awida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qual. Sport"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5546","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085546","article-title":"Validation of generalized anxiety disorder 6 (GAD-6)\u2014a modified structure of screening for anxiety in the adolescent french population","volume":"20","author":"Todorovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0303785","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303785","article-title":"Orienteering combines vigorous-intensity exercise with navigation to improve human cognition and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"19","author":"Waddington","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48572-9_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Resilience in children","author":"Wright","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105789","article-title":"The effectiveness of orienteering exercise on improving physical fitness and cognitive functions in non-athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"245","author":"Yen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1843028\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:11:50Z","timestamp":1782861110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1843028\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1843028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1843028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"article-number":"1843028"}}