{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1785934076970,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with an increased risk of substance abuse. It remains unclear to what extent this association is mediated by personality organization and mentalization ability across different populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A structural equation model (SEM) with bootstrap estimates was calculated in a community sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f498), and Bayesian path analysis with informed priors was calculated in an inpatient sample of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD sample) (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f68) to examine direct and indirect relationships between childhood trauma, personality organization, mentalization ability, and addictive behavior.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the community sample, structural personality impairments partially mediated the effect of childhood trauma on addictive behavior (indirect:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.14,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001; direct:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.002), whereas mentalization showed no independent effect. In the SUD sample, childhood trauma was associated with structural impairments (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.24), which, in turn, were associated with addictive behavior (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.22).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the central role of structural personality impairments in the association between childhood trauma and addictive behavior. While structural deficits act as a partial mediator in the general population, they emerge as the strongest and most consistent correlate of addictive behavior in clinical SUD model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1853182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:10:59Z","timestamp":1785931859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personality functioning as a pathway from childhood trauma to substance use in clinical and community samples"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Brouschek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Graz","place":["Graz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Zipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Graz","place":["Graz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Br\u00f6ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Graz","place":["Graz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Fuchshuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Beiglb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Human-Friedrich","family":"Unterrainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Graz","place":["Graz, Austria"]},{"name":"Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Addiction Research Hub, Gr\u00fcner Kreis Ltd","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz","place":["Graz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1908-3","article-title":"Application of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders","volume":"18","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199680375.001.0001","volume-title":"Mentalization-Based Treatment for Personality Disorders: A Practical Guide","author":"Bateman","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice","author":"Bateman","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725221122222","article-title":"Traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms in substance use disorder: a comparison of recovered versus current users","volume":"40","author":"Belfrage","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nordic Stud. 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