{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:28:41Z","timestamp":1788791321942,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the effectiveness of an AI-supported e-mentoring model in enhancing self-efficacy and emotional intelligence among EFL pre-service teachers within the Egyptian practicum context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design, 50 participants were assigned to an experimental group, which received structured mentoring, collaborative digital platform support (Facebook, Padlet, Nearpod, Google Classroom), and AI-driven feedback via Gemini, and a control group, which followed conventional practicum procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative results revealed substantial improvements in the experimental group\u2019s self-efficacy and emotional intelligence compared to the control group, while qualitative data indicated that participants shifted toward more student-centered, reflective, and adaptive teaching practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight the potential of integrating AI tools with structured mentoring and collaborative digital environments to create a continuous cycle of practice, feedback, and reflection. Implications for teacher education emphasize scalable, context-sensitive professional development that addresses both pedagogical and emotional competencies, particularly in under-resourced settings. Study limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1853510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:54:58Z","timestamp":1788789298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An AI-supported E-mentoring model to develop EFL pre-service teachers\u2019 self-efficacy and emotional intelligence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Israa","family":"Ismael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"Abdallah","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473766","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1473766","article-title":"Preparing educators for the digital age: teacher perceptions of active teaching methods and digital integration","volume":"9","author":"Abildinova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"ref4","author":"Alamri","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00866","article-title":"The relationship between trait emotional intelligence and personality. Is trait EI really anchored within the Big Five, Big Two and Big One frameworks?","author":"Alegre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.89.1.127","article-title":"Career benefits associated with mentoring for prot\u00e9g\u00e9s: A meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104739","article-title":"How an emotional intelligence intervention programme impacts the well-being and performance of teachers of basic general education","volume":"253","author":"Arteaga-Cede\u00f1o","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.33369\/jeet.9.4.534-562","article-title":"EFL practicum realities: challenges shaping preservice teachers\u2019 professional development","volume":"9","author":"Asrida","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Engl. Educ. Teach."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5430\/wjel.v12n6p166","article-title":"The impact of EFL teachers\u2019 emotional intelligence and teacher-related variables on self-reported EFL teaching practices","volume":"12","author":"Awwad","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Engl. Lang."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2026.105502","article-title":"E-mentoring-based action research on the challenges experienced by preschool teachers with refugee children in the classroom","volume":"176","author":"Ayaz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref9003","first-page":"157","article-title":"The validity and reliability of Petrides and Furnham\u2019s Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire","volume":"3","author":"Azghandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Iranian Psychologist"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(78)90002-4","article-title":"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change","volume":"1","author":"Bandura","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv. Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Self Efficacy in Changing Societies","author":"Bandura","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref9004","first-page":"46","article-title":"Mediating role of teachers\u2019 self-efficacy in the relationship between primary teachers\u2019 emotional intelligence and job burnout in Babol City","volume":"2","author":"Barari","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1108\/ijmce-07-2023-0056","article-title":"Affordances, constraints and collaborative potential of e-mentoring platforms and their features for K-12 educators: a systematic literature review","volume":"13","author":"Bell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mentoring Coach. Educ."},{"key":"ref9005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2024.104654","article-title":"Social and emotional competencies predict pre-service teachers\u2019 occupational health and personal well-being","volume":"147","author":"Braun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2021.103345","article-title":"Mentoring styles and novice teachers\u2019 well-being: the role of basic need satisfaction","volume":"103","author":"Burger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104364","article-title":"The interplay among EFL teachers\u2019 emotional intelligence and self-efficacy and burnout","volume":"248","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref9006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2015.02.001","article-title":"Self-efficacy as a predictor of commitment to the teaching profession: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Chesnut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"key":"ref9007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/elt\/ccx046","article-title":"EFL teachers\u2019 self-efficacy and teaching practices","volume":"72","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"ELT Journal"},{"key":"ref9008","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref9009","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"Creswell","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref9010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54300\/122.311","volume-title":"Effective teacher professional development","author":"Darling-Hammond","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref9012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X08331140","article-title":"Improving impact studies of teachers\u2019 professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures","volume":"38","author":"Desimone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/13611267.2017.1327394","article-title":"Designing an e-mentoring program for novice teachers in Turkey and investigating online interactions and program outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Elemdag","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ment. Tutor."},{"key":"ref19","author":"Elghotmy","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.21608\/psjer.2025.381779.1055","article-title":"Empowering EFL student teachers with evidence-based practices: findings from the teaching practicum","volume":"4","author":"El-Henawy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Deleted J"},{"key":"ref9013","article-title":"The practicum experience in the faculties of education in Egypt: A study on students\u2019 perceptions of strengths and weaknesses in two faculties of education [Master\u2019s thesis, The American University in Cairo]","author":"El-Kerdany","year":"2013","journal-title":"AUC Knowledge Fountain."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10623-y","article-title":"The effect of the e-mentoring-based education program on professional development of preschool teachers","volume":"27","author":"Erdo\u011fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2025.105152","article-title":"Teacher student-specific self-efficacy and its impact on students\u2019 academic self-concept, emotional well-being and social inclusion","volume":"165","author":"Eren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref9014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12117","article-title":"Achieving integration in mixed methods designs\u2014Principles and practices","volume":"48","author":"Fetters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"ref9015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developing preservice teachers\u2019 self-efficacy through field-based science teaching practice with elementary students","volume":"27","author":"Flores","year":"2015","journal-title":"Research in Higher Education Journal"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2026.102972","article-title":"The relationship among burnout, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy in school teachers. A systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Geraci","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More than IQ","author":"Goleman","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ltl.40619981008","article-title":"The emotional intelligence of leaders","volume":"1998","author":"Goleman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lead. Lead."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.14221\/1835-517x.5901","article-title":"Mentoring pre-service teachers: the THIINK4 reflective cycle","volume":"48","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. J. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref9016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/135406002100000512","article-title":"Professional development and teacher change","volume":"8","author":"Guskey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice"},{"key":"ref9017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","article-title":"The power of feedback","volume":"77","author":"Hattie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2025.3557037","article-title":"Preparing student teachers for professional development: mentoring generative artificial intelligence (AI) learners in mathematical problem solving","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2008.09.001","article-title":"Mentoring beginning teachers: what we know and what we don\u2019t","volume":"25","author":"Hobson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-29242-5","article-title":"Sustainable professional growth through digital mentorship: evidence from language teachers in low-resource settings","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.38.8.5804","article-title":"Online mentoring: challenges and strategies","volume":"38","author":"Jan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/13611267.2023.2202473","article-title":"Designing a complementary e-mentoring program for pre-service ELT teachers: online co-mentoring project","volume":"31","author":"Ka\u00e7ar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mentor Tutor Partner Learn"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1108\/aiie-10-2024-0034","article-title":"Artificial intelligence as a mentor in the graduate online classroom: opportunities and challenges","volume":"1","author":"Kellam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-026-01094-1","article-title":"Correction: developing culturally nourishing pedagogies and teacher self-efficacy through a research-practice partnership","author":"Kite","year":"2026","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.11621\/pir.2025.0303","article-title":"Socio-emotional explorations of pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language","volume":"18","author":"K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Russia State Art"},{"key":"ref9018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2014.06.001","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 self-efficacy, personality, and teaching effectiveness: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Klassen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5937\/istrped2101001k","article-title":"Predictors of the challenges faced by beginning teachers: pre-service teacher education competency and professional commitment","volume":"11","author":"Kozikoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pedagogy"},{"key":"ref9019","volume-title":"InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing","author":"Kvale","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06999-y","article-title":"Teacher education students\u2019 emotional intelligence and teacher self-efficacy: a cross-cultural comparison","volume":"44","author":"Kyriazopoulou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508083","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1508083","article-title":"Integrating emotional vocabulary in EFL education: a model for enhancing emotional intelligence in pre-service EFL teachers","volume":"15","author":"Lasekan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"The Development of Personality, Self, and Ego in Adolescence","author":"Lerner","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185079","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1185079","article-title":"The effect of teacher self-efficacy, teacher resilience, and emotion regulation on teacher burnout: a mediation model","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329400","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1329400","article-title":"Exploring the relationships among teacher-student dynamics, learning enjoyment, and burnout in EFL students: the role of emotional intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref9020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/job.318","article-title":"Why emotional intelligence is an invalid concept","volume":"26","author":"Locke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Behavior"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sel.2025.100079","article-title":"Beyond good intentions: how a social, emotional, and cultural competency framework leads to improvements in teacher preparation","volume":"5","author":"Markowitz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc Emotional Learn Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.21015\/vtess.v10i2.1049","article-title":"Challenges pre-service teachers face during teaching practicum: an anatomy of teachers\u2019 education programs","volume":"10","author":"Masood","year":"2022","journal-title":"VFAST Trans Educ Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(99)00016-1","article-title":"Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence","volume":"27","author":"Mayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"ref9021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.63.6.503","article-title":"Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits?","volume":"63","author":"Mayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssaho.2025.101517","article-title":"Challenges in the preparation of EFL students in faculties of education in Egypt","volume":"11","author":"Mekheimer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc Sci Human Open"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.5334\/jime.1033","article-title":"Active learning, mentoring and AI- open educational resources: a case study in a virtual laboratory","volume":"2026","author":"Miy","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Interact. Media Educ."},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Invisible Pedagogical Mindsets in Egypt: How Culture, Education Ecosystems, and Beliefs about Teaching and Learning Shape Education Reform","author":"Moustafa","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.36088\/manazhim.v8i1.6012","article-title":"The correlation of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence with learning interest among elementary school students","volume":"8","author":"Noor","year":"2026","journal-title":"MANAZHIM"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-025-00484-8","article-title":"AI versus human feedback in mixed reality simulations: comparing LLM and expert mentoring in preservice teacher education on controversial issues","volume":"35","author":"Nygren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4850","DOI":"10.3390\/su15064850","article-title":"Learner-centered teaching catalyzed by teacher learning communities: the mediating role of teacher self-efficacy and collaborative professional learning","volume":"15","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8879","DOI":"10.61707\/crnmnc42","article-title":"The role of emotional intelligence in educational leadership a pathway to organizational success","volume":"5","author":"Paschal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Relig"},{"key":"ref9022","author":"Petrides","year":"2009","journal-title":"Technical manual for the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (TEIQue)"},{"key":"ref9023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1348\/000712606X120618","article-title":"The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space","volume":"98","author":"Petrides","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003595793","volume-title":"Teaching and Researching Interculturality in the Middle East and North Africa","author":"R\u2019boul","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref62","author":"Rezk","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.21275\/sr25412133206","article-title":"Teacher training in the digital age: the role of AI in professional development and mentorship","volume":"14","author":"Samuels","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15091168","article-title":"The direct and cascading impacts of school leaders\u2019 emotional intelligence on teachers and students: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Sasere","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2025.105230","article-title":"Teacher professional development of digital pedagogy for inclusive education in post-pandemic era: effects on teacher competence, self-efficacy, and work well-being","volume":"168","author":"Shi","year":"","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678437","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1678437","article-title":"Progress or plateau? A 20-year systematic review of self-efficacy among TCFL teachers","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.23429","article-title":"The relationship between EFL teachers\u2019 self-efficacy and effectiveness: the mediating role of work engagement","volume":"62","author":"Songhori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Sch."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16010088","article-title":"Enhancing social and emotional learning: insights from student teacher reflections in the UAE and Finland","volume":"16","author":"Talvio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105262","article-title":"Preparing preservice teachers to teach with digital technologies: an update of effective SQD-strategies","volume":"232","author":"Tondeur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.70725\/307718pkpjuu","article-title":"Should teachers be trained in emergency remote teaching? Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Trust","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Technol. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0742-051X(01)00036-1","article-title":"Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct","volume":"17","author":"Tschannen-Moran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Comprehensive Mentoring Programs for New Teachers","author":"Villani","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.64612\/ijiv.v1i4.24","article-title":"Teaching quality: its influence on learning experiences and engagement of learners","volume":"1","author":"Villocino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Interdiscip Viewpoints"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70327","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.70327","article-title":"What matters most? A Q-method study on Chinese university students\u2019 perceived teacher support in AI-assisted EFL learning","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7815","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2024.2400403","article-title":"Exploring engagement, self-efficacy, and anxiety in large language model EFL learning: a latent profile analysis of Chinese university students","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913638","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.913638","article-title":"The interrelationship between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and burnout among foreign language teachers: a meta-analytic review","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13110","article-title":"The role of emotional intelligence in EFL learners\u2019 academic literacy development","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-02475-9","article-title":"The relationship of rural kindergarten teachers\u2019 emotional intelligence and work engagement in China: the chain mediation role of emotional labor strategies and general self-efficacy","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref9024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654315626801","article-title":"Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research","volume":"86","author":"Zee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2025.105355","article-title":"AI versus teacher feedback in developing pre-service teachers\u2019 teaching self-efficacy: a quasi-experimental study in simulated teaching","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569062","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2025.1569062","article-title":"How mentor teachers and emotions influence professional identity and career decisions of preservice preschool teachers","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475048","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1475048","article-title":"Effect of teachers\u2019 teaching strategies on students\u2019 learning engagement: moderated mediation model","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-023-00782-6","article-title":"The role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy in EFL teachers\u2019 technology adoption","volume":"33","author":"Zhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1853510\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:55:01Z","timestamp":1788789301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1853510\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1853510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1853510","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"article-number":"1853510"}}