{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:23:13Z","timestamp":1783340593859,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study explores the direct and indirect relationships between democratic classroom management and school satisfaction among students, with trust in teacher and school engagement as serial mediators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A correlational research design was employed and data were collected from a sample of 800 secondary school students enrolled in grades 5 to 8 in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mediation analysis was conducted, and the results indicated that democratic classroom management was a significant predictor of trust in teacher and school engagement but not of school satisfaction. Trust in teacher was a significant predictor of school engagement and school satisfaction, and school engagement was the strongest direct predictor of school satisfaction. Most importantly, democratic classroom management had a significant indirect effect on school satisfaction through both trust in teacher and school engagement, which supported the serial mediation model. The results show that democratic classroom practices positively affect students\u2019 trust in teachers, and this, in turn, leads to higher school engagement and finally to increased school satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study contributes to the existing literature by examining both interpersonal and contextual variables simultaneously in one serial mediation model and by shedding light on the underlying psychological processes through which democratic classroom environments affect students\u2019 satisfaction with school.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1862954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:58:12Z","timestamp":1783339092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Democratic classroom management and school satisfaction: the serial mediating roles of trust in teacher and school engagement"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Metin","family":"K\u0131rba\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Inonu Universitesi","place":["Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Bal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Agri Ibrahim Cecen Universitesi","place":["A\u011fr\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meltem","family":"Yurt\u00e7u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Inonu Universitesi","place":["Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"\u00d6zkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Harran University","place":["\u015eanl\u0131urfa, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3138\/jspr.28.1.32","article-title":"Promoting a culture of parent collaboration and trust: an empirical study","volume":"28","author":"Adams","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sch. Public Relat."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0013161X08327550","article-title":"The formation of parent-school trust: a multilevel analysis","volume":"45","author":"Adams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Educ. Adm. Q."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5539\/res.v6n4p239","article-title":"How teacher moderates the relationship between democratic classroom environment and student engagement","volume":"6","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Eur. Stud."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20303","article-title":"Student engagement with school: critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct","volume":"45","author":"Appleton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sch."},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"School Satisfaction Survey 2020","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"School Satisfaction Survey 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164495055003003","article-title":"Composite reliability in structural equations modeling","volume":"55","author":"Bacon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1086\/292745","article-title":"Trust and antitrust","volume":"96","author":"Baier","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ethics"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools","author":"Baker","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"The Relationship between Parents' Academic Support and Unrealistic Expectations with Students' Self Efficacy Beliefs and Burnout (Publication No. 697616) [Doctoral Dissertation, Inonu University]","author":"Bali","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1556\/063.2024.00302","article-title":"Age-related variations in school satisfaction: the mediating role of school engagement","volume":"15","author":"Baltatescu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hungarian Educ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431691111004","article-title":"The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use","volume":"11","author":"Baumrind","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Early Adolesc."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1108\/09578231211264609","article-title":"The effects of academic optimism on elementary reading achievement","volume":"50","author":"Bevel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Educ. Adm."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyq040","article-title":"The influence of school-based natural mentoring relationships on school attachment and subsequent adolescent risk behaviors","volume":"25","author":"Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement","author":"Bryk","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"473","article-title":"The role of academic and social factors in explaining school satisfaction","volume":"24","author":"Bubic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psihologijske Teme"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Classroom Management: Creating a Successful K-12 Learning Community","author":"Burden","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5935\/1980\/6906\/psicologia.v21n1","article-title":"School climate and school satisfaction among high school adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Coelho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psicol. Teor. Prat."},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"An Interpersonal Approach to Classroom Management: Strategies for Improving Student Engagement","author":"Davis","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/9781442679078","volume-title":"Reconstructing \u2018Drop-Out\u2019: A Critical Ethnography of the Dynamics of Black Students\u2019 Disengagement from School","author":"Dei","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.17977\/um023v12i12023p116-126","article-title":"The role of student-teacher trust and school well-being on student engagement in high school students","volume":"12","author":"Diastu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jurnal Sains Psikologi"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.11.310","article-title":"Classroom management styles, classroom climate and school achievement","volume":"29","author":"Djigic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.02.080176.002003","article-title":"Social exchange theory","volume":"2","author":"Emerson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of Classroom Management: Research, Practice, and Contemporary Issues","author":"Evertson","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education","author":"Fraenkel","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543074001059","article-title":"School engagement: potential of the concept, state of the evidence","volume":"74","author":"Fredricks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034312446892","article-title":"Cultural models of education and academic performance for native American and European American students","volume":"34","author":"Fryberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol. Int."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1086\/499690","article-title":"A multilevel examination of the distribution and effects of teacher trust in students and parents in urban elementary schools","volume":"102","author":"Goddard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Elem. Sch. J."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11256-017-0443-8","article-title":"Authority or democracy? Integrating two perspectives on equitable classroom management in urban schools","volume":"50","author":"Graham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Rev."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724725","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1724725","article-title":"The relationship between peer learning and self-directed learning: the mediating role of collaborative leadership among pre-service mathematics teachers","volume":"16","author":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psicoe.2017.05.001","article-title":"Perceived social support, school engagement and satisfaction with school","volume":"22","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Psicodid\u00e1ctica"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7","volume-title":"Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook","author":"Hair","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Modern Factor Analysis","author":"Harman","year":"1967"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression Based Approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11514","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811514","article-title":"School satisfaction and its associations with health and behavioural outcomes among 15-years old adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Horanicova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/10526846990090030","article-title":"Five faces of trust: an empirical confirmation in urban elementary schools","volume":"9","author":"Hoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Sch. Leadersh."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01080333","article-title":"Convergent and discriminant validation of a children\u2019s life satisfaction scale: its relationship to self- and teacher-reported psychological problems and school functioning","volume":"30","author":"Huebner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034300213005","article-title":"Levels and demographic correlates of adolescent life satisfaction reports","volume":"21","author":"Huebner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol. Int."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-006-9001-3","article-title":"Students who like and dislike school","volume":"1","author":"Huebner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Res. Qual. Life"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-012-9140-z","article-title":"Factor structure and reliability of an abbreviated version of the multidimensional students\u2019 life satisfaction scale","volume":"5","author":"Huebner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-024-00908-4","article-title":"Professional identity and well-being among pre-service teachers: a mediation model of reappraisal and self-esteem","volume":"34","author":"Hui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03340893","article-title":"Toward an understanding of definitions and measures of school engagement and related terms","volume":"8","author":"Jimerson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Calif. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.21601\/ortadogutipdergisi.741156","article-title":"Uncertainty intolerance, worry, and cognitive test anxiety in university students","volume":"12","author":"Kilit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ortadogu Med. J."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-012-0042-8","article-title":"Social relations and school life satisfaction in South Korea","volume":"112","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"Analysis of the Relationships between Teachers' Classroom Management Styles and Students' School Engagement, School Resistance and Academic Achievement (Publication No. 596771) [Doctoral Dissertation, Inonu University]","author":"Kirbac","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2023.2180746","article-title":"Classroom-level authoritative teaching and its associations with bullying perpetration and victimization","volume":"22","author":"Kloo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sch. Violence"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654315626799","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of classroom management strategies and classroom management programs on students\u2019 academic, behavioral, emotional, and motivational outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Korpershoek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Quality of Teacher\u2013Student Relationships: Moderator of the Effects of Peer Victimization [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]","author":"Kremer","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1017\/jgc.2017.18","article-title":"Personal and environmental factors affecting Hong Kong high-ability students\u2019 school satisfaction","volume":"28","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Couns. Sch."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.2018.1553840","article-title":"More student trust, more self-regulation strategy? Exploring the effects of self-regulatory climate on self-regulated learning","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386492-5.00006-3","article-title":"School engagement: what it is and why it is important for positive youth development","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Child Dev. Behav."},{"key":"ref8001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9857-5","article-title":"Interrelations of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in high school students","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/bs9120125","article-title":"High-school satisfaction scale (H-sat scale): evaluation of contextual satisfaction in relation to high-school students\u2019 life satisfaction","volume":"9","author":"Lodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-021-09642-5","article-title":"School engagement in elementary school: a systematic review of 35 years of research","volume":"34","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"6","article-title":"The key to classroom management","volume":"61","author":"Marzano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educ. Leadersh."},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Classroom Management: Engaging Students in Learning","author":"McDonald","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08285.x","article-title":"School connectedness and the transition into and out of health-risk behavior among adolescents: a comparison of social belonging and teacher support","volume":"74","author":"McNeely","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/13603124.2016.1157211","article-title":"Student trust in teachers and student perceptions of safety: positive predictors of student identification with school","volume":"21","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Leadersh. Educ."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00303835","article-title":"Grade level differences in school satisfaction","volume":"22","author":"Okun","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.26466\/opus.767321","article-title":"Trust in headteacher-teacher relationships and headteachers' management styles","volume":"17","author":"\u00d6zer","year":"2021","journal-title":"OPUS Int. J. Soc. Res."},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"105","article-title":"An examination of the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the teacher trust scale for students","volume":"10","author":"\u00d6zer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mersin Univ. Faculty Educ. J."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.15700\/saje.v45ns1a2677","article-title":"The mediating role of SDL in the relationship between self-efficacy and classroom management anxiety among pre-service teachers","volume":"45","author":"\u00d6zkul","year":"2025","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.16986\/HUJE.2022.475","article-title":"Analysis of the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy perception, classroom management concern and pupil control ideologies","volume":"38","author":"\u00d6zkul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hacettepe Univ. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"15","article-title":"\u201cSpace and consequences\u201d: the influence of the roundtable classroom design on student dialogue","volume":"5","author":"Parsons","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Learn. Spaces"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21010111","article-title":"School satisfaction and self-efficacy in adolescents and intention to drop out of school","volume":"21","author":"Pedditzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2006.0027","article-title":"Student disengagement and the socialization styles of high schools","volume":"84","author":"Pellerin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Forces"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci14070419","article-title":"Democratic school culture and student\u2013teacher relationships: insights from native and immigrant-background students","volume":"14","author":"Peras","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2004.12086261","article-title":"Teacher-child relationships and children\u2019s success in the first years of school","volume":"33","author":"Pianta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9752.12560","article-title":"Trust between teacher and student in academic education at school","volume":"55","author":"Platz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Philos. Educ."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-008-9027-1","article-title":"The preliminary development of the children's overall satisfaction with schooling scale","volume":"2","author":"Randolph","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/501484","article-title":"Teachers as facilitators: what autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit","volume":"106","author":"Reeve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Elem. Sch. J."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2020.1862657","article-title":"Autonomy-supportive teaching: its malleability, benefits, and potential to improve educational practice","volume":"56","author":"Reeve","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.98.1.209","article-title":"What teachers say and do to support students' autonomy during a learning activity","volume":"98","author":"Reeve","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654311421793","article-title":"The influence of affective teacher\u2013student relationships on students' school engagement and achievement: a meta-analytic approach","volume":"81","author":"Roorda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68","article-title":"Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being","volume":"55","author":"Ryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.22130","article-title":"Trust between teachers and learners","volume":"321","author":"Sklar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-005-8208-2","article-title":"Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous?","volume":"78","author":"Suldo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Experimental Designs using ANOVA","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1108\/09578230410554052","article-title":"A systems approach to quality in elementary schools","volume":"42","author":"Tarter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Educ. Adm."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.17244\/eku.43152","article-title":"Turkish adaptation study of overall school satisfaction scale for children","volume":"10","author":"Telef","year":"2014","journal-title":"E\u011fitimde Kuram Uygulama"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.15390\/eb.2020.5587","article-title":"The relation between happiness, school satisfaction, and positive experiences at school in secondary school students","volume":"46","author":"Telef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.5897\/ERR2015.2282","article-title":"The mediation effect of school satisfaction in the relationship between teacher support, positive affect and life satisfaction in adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Telef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12808","article-title":"Experienced support from family, school and friends among students in out-of-home care in a school-based community survey","volume":"26","author":"Tord\u00f6n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Fam. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref88","volume-title":"Trust Matters: Leadership for Successful Schools","author":"Tschannen-Moran","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543070004547","article-title":"A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust","volume":"70","author":"Tschannen-Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1177\/105268460601600402","article-title":"School climate: the interplay between interpersonal relationships and student achievement","volume":"16","author":"Tschannen-Moran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sch. Leadersh."},{"key":"ref91","volume-title":"Krizler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk olmak: T\u00fcrkiye'de pandemi sonras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n iyi olma halini yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek [Research report]","author":"Uyan-Semerci","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.23947\/2334-8496-2021-9-3-347-357","article-title":"Students\u2019 school satisfaction: the role of classroom climate, self-efficacy, and engagement","volume":"9","author":"Vidic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cognit. Res. Sci. Engineer. Educ."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/00405840902776392","article-title":"Authoritative classroom management: how control and nurturance work together","volume":"48","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000431","article-title":"Conceptualization and assessment of adolescents\u2019 engagement and disengagement in school","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-012-9167-9","article-title":"Can students be too happy? The optimal level of school satisfaction","volume":"7","author":"Whitley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Res. Qual. Life"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13279","article-title":"Classroom management and facilitation approaches that promote school connectedness","volume":"93","author":"Wilkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.51535\/tell.1200847","article-title":"The relationship between school satisfaction and psychological well-being of secondary school students: the mediating role of happiness at school","volume":"4","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Teach. Educ. Lifelong Learn."},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"74","article-title":"Factor analysis and validity in the social sciences: the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses","volume":"46","author":"Ya\u015fl\u0131o\u011flu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Istanbul Univ. Faculty Bus. Admin. J."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20532","article-title":"Relationships among school climate domains and school satisfaction","volume":"48","author":"Zullig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Sch."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1862954\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:58:19Z","timestamp":1783339099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1862954\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1862954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1862954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"article-number":"1862954"}}