{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:53:40Z","timestamp":1791262420330,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Architectural experience depends not only on perceptual fluency but also on whether users can successfully construct higher-order semantic meaning from complex built form. In the Pleasure-Interest Model of Aesthetic Liking (PIA model), the controlled-processing stage differentiates interest, confusion, and boredom. In conventional architectural cognition research, however, confusion is often treated as a negative indicator of communicative failure. This paper challenges that assumption and argues that confusion is especially important in architectural meaning-making because it identifies a population that still possesses interpretive motivation but has not yet achieved semantic resolution due to a mismatch between narrative granularity and cognitive accessibility. To address this problem, the paper proposes a conceptual and heuristic framework that integrates the PIA model, three-way decision theory, and granular computing. First, the three states in the controlled-processing stage of the PIA model are reinterpreted through a three-way decision structure, in which confusion is reconstructed as a strategic boundary region rather than as a purely negative endpoint. Second, a multi-granularity optimization mechanism and a utility-based selection function are introduced to identify narrative descriptions that balance novelty and comprehensibility for target perceivers. Third, a memorial-hall case and a computer-simulated illustrative statement-scoring exercise are used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed procedure. Rather than claiming full empirical validation, the paper positions its contribution as a design-oriented framework for improving architectural communication, user-centered narrative intervention, and the cultural-social dimension of human-centered sustainability in the built environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1869490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:25:20Z","timestamp":1791260720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A multi-granularity narrative cloud selection framework for architectural meaning-making integrating the PIA model and three-way decision theory"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fine Arts, Shanxi University","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104418","article-title":"Uncertainty quantification in skin cancer classification using three-way decision-based bayesian deep learning","volume":"135","author":"Abdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. 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