{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:27:20Z","timestamp":1787120840039,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In blended learning environments, college students often remain silent in face-to-face classrooms yet actively engage in online collaborative settings. This gap reflects a shift in learner identity from \u201ccompliant learners\u201d to \u201ccollaborative partners.\u201d However, little is known about how non-verbal behaviors drive this identity transition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 college students, supplemented by WeChat chat logs and collaborative document revision histories, and analyzed using three-level coding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings reveal three categories of non-verbal behaviors that facilitate identity transition: emotional expression, relational coordination, and task support. These behaviors support a progressive mechanism comprising three stages: emotional resonance lays the foundation, boundary dissolution breaks existing frameworks, and relational empowerment affirms the new collaborative identity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-verbal behaviors facilitate a dynamic identity shift from compliant learners to collaborative partners. The study provides a theoretical model explaining micro-level mechanisms and offers practical insights for designing online collaborative activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1871082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:44:54Z","timestamp":1787118294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A grounded theory study in blended learning of the facilitation of role transition from compliant learners to collaborative partners regarding non-verbal behavior"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Huali","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Modern Media, Xinjiang Teacher\u2019s College, Urumqi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengwu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi","place":["Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/UBMK67458.2025.11207075","article-title":"Modification of nonverbal expression in virtual communication environment","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 10th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK)","author":"Abjalova","year":"2025"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5251-4_84","article-title":"Grounded theory methodology: principles and practices","volume-title":"Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences","author":"Belgrave","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.18178\/ijiet.2024.14.2.2053","article-title":"Blended learning, flipped classroom, and peer teaching as a combination to meet the increasing diversity in higher education.","volume":"14","author":"B\u00f6hm-Fischer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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