{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:21:44Z","timestamp":1787721704681,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Climate change has measurable impacts on the psycho-physical health of individuals, with disproportionate effects on current and future youth cohorts. Many young individuals experience climate distress, characterized by negative emotions and thoughts related to climate change that can impact their daily lives. Although previous studies have documented how climate change has increased concerns regarding academic careers, no research has explored how climate distress may compromise students\u2019 adjustment in terms of burnout and engagement. Furthermore, no studies have examined the motivational processes that could explain this relationship. Therefore, the present study examined, within a unified model, the relationships among climate distress, engagement, and burnout, hypothesizing that these relationships occur through academic amotivation. Specifically, it was hypothesized that climate distress would be associated with increased academic burnout and decreased engagement through academic amotivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A convenience sample of 375 university students, aged 18\u201337 years (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 21.64, SD = 2.28), was involved, and a path analysis model was tested to verify the formulated hypotheses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results confirmed the indirect association between climate distress and both engagement and academic burnout through academic amotivation. Specifically, climate distress was associated with increased academic amotivation, which in turn, was associated with lower engagement and higher burnout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight an association between climate distress and academic maladjustment among university students, underscoring the pivotal role of academic amotivation. The results indicate the importance of addressing climate distress in academic contexts considering the negative repercussions that may affect students\u2019 wellbeing and academic career trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1878132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:50:29Z","timestamp":1787719829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["University students in the era of climate change: climate distress is associated with academic burnout and engagement through academic amotivation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Luciano","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Europea di Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Europea di Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Europea di Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rinallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Education Sciences, University of Roma Tre","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Fiorilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ojala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontiers of Arctic and Global Resilience (FRONT) and Teacher Education, School and Society (TESS), Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu","place":["Oulu, Finland"]},{"name":"School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, \u00d6rebro University","place":["\u00d6rebro, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Panno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Europea di Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19718-6","article-title":"A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures.","volume":"29","author":"Abbass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2011.555432","article-title":"Student burnout and engagement: A test of the conservation of resources theory.","volume":"145","author":"Alarcon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.53761\/s2he6n66","article-title":"Belonging in higher education: A twenty-year systematic review.","volume":"21","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Univ. Teach. Learn. Pract."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/02188791.2018.1460258","article-title":"Academic amotivation and intention to school dropout: The mediation role of academic achievement and absenteeism.","volume":"38","author":"Balkis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Educ."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000512","article-title":"Enlisting the power of youth for climate change.","volume":"75","author":"Bandura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Psychol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.33.1.75","article-title":"Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: Assessing the darker side of athletic experience.","volume":"33","author":"Bartholomew","year":"","journal-title":"J. Sport. Exerc. Psychol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167211413125","article-title":"Self-determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting.","volume":"37","author":"Bartholomew","year":"","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1024\/2673-8627\/a000068","article-title":"Development and validation of a short form of the German self-consciousness scale for the general population.","volume":"83","author":"Brophy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Open"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16617","article-title":"Gender and country differences in academic motivation, coping strategies, and academic burnout in a sample of Italian and Russian first-year university students.","volume":"9","author":"Cabras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.03.077","article-title":"Learning motivation, engagement and burnout among university Students.","volume":"187","author":"Cazan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.10.010","article-title":"The mediating effect of motivational types in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout.","volume":"89","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941211054776","article-title":"Burned-out classroom climate, intrinsic motivation, and academic engagement: Exploring unresolved issues in the job demand-resource model.","volume":"126","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00074","article-title":"The impact of climate change on mental health: A systematic descriptive review.","volume":"11","author":"Cianconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102263","article-title":"Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change.","volume":"74","author":"Clayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anxiety. Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009252904.002","article-title":"Climate distress among young people","volume-title":"Climate Change and Youth Mental Health: Multidisciplinary Perspectives","author":"Clayton","year":"2024"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01615-3","article-title":"Report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: Implications for the mental health policy of children and adolescents in Europe-a scoping review.","volume":"31","author":"Clemens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06274-1","article-title":"The relationship between climate change and mental health: A systematic review of the association between eco-anxiety, psychological distress, and symptoms of major affective disorders.","volume":"24","author":"Cosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-014-9427-0","article-title":"Predicting the brighter and darker sides of interpersonal relationships: Does psychological need thwarting matter?","volume":"39","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Motiv. Emot."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2022.2126297","article-title":"\u201cNot about us without us\u201d - the feelings and hopes of climate-concerned young people around the world.","volume":"34","author":"Diffey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.21315\/eimj2020.12.1.5","article-title":"How motivation correlates with academic burnout: Study conducted in undergraduate medical students.","volume":"12","author":"Felaza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ. Med. J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11341","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811341","article-title":"Students\u2019 burnout at university: The role of gender and worker status.","volume":"19","author":"Fiorilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.069","article-title":"Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers.","volume":"102","author":"Gignac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094573","article-title":"The interplay between social and ecological determinants of mental health for children and youth in the climate crisis.","volume":"18","author":"Gislason","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s10447-022-09477-x","article-title":"Effects of academic motivation on school burnout in Turkish college students.","volume":"44","author":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Couns"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","article-title":"Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium.","volume":"76","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Monogr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e863","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00278-3","article-title":"Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey.","volume":"5","author":"Hickman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"127","article-title":"Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2011"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620966789","article-title":"Student motivation and associated outcomes: A meta-analysis from self-determination theory.","volume":"16","author":"Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"145","article-title":"Canonical correlation analysis on life stress and learning burnout of college students in Taiwan.","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Electron. J. Health Educ"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00012-2","article-title":"Climate change and mental health research methods, gaps, and priorities: A scoping review.","volume":"6","author":"Hwong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.30831\/akukeg.847145","article-title":"The relationship between academic amotivation and academic achievement: A study on middle school students.","volume":"14","author":"Ilter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Theor. Educ. Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043085","article-title":"How can climate change anxiety induce both pro-environmental behaviours and eco-paralysis? The mediating role of general self-efficacy.","volume":"20","author":"Innocenti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B33","article-title":"Climate change 2023: Synthesis report, summary for policymakers","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Lee","year":"2023"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2023.103264","article-title":"Life in the shadows: Young people\u2019s experiences of climate change futures.","volume":"154","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling.","author":"Kline","year":"2023"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13110906","article-title":"The effect of perceived environmental uncertainty on university students\u2019 anxiety, academic engagement, and prosocial behavior.","volume":"13","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3381","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3381","article-title":"Introjected regulation and academic burnout: A moderated mediation model of social comparison and distress overtolerance.","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.98.3.567","article-title":"Why do high school students lack motivation in the classroom? Toward an understanding of academic amotivation and the role of social support.","volume":"98","author":"Legault","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancene.2020.100241","article-title":"Teaching climate change in the anthropocene: An integrative approach.","volume":"30","author":"Leichenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anthropocene"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burn.2017.04.003","article-title":"Burnout and engagement: Contributions to a new vision.","volume":"5","author":"Leiter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burn. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e879","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00229-8","article-title":"Climate emotions, thoughts, and plans among US adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional descriptive survey and analysis by political party identification and self-reported exposure to severe weather events.","volume":"8","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/1469787413514651","article-title":"Life stress and academic burnout.","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Act. Learn. High. Educ."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-018-1943-y","article-title":"Study engagement in Italian university students: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Utrecht work engagement scale\u2014student version.","volume":"142","author":"Loscalzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.201","article-title":"Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research.","volume":"51","author":"MacCallum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1026595011371","article-title":"Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect.","volume":"1","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev. Sci"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2023.2225203","article-title":"Moral disengagement and academic engagement: The moderating roles of educational anti-mattering and psychological distress.","volume":"34","author":"Maftei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ethics Behav."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813130-5.00009-6","article-title":"Threats to mental health and wellbeing associated with climate change","volume-title":"Psychology and Climate Change: Human perceptions, impacts, and responses","author":"Manning","year":"2018"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.053","article-title":"Climate change education for universities: A conceptual framework from an international study.","volume":"226","author":"Molthan-Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/13504622.2017.1360842","article-title":"Identifying effective climate change education strategies: A systematic review of the research.","volume":"25","author":"Monroe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Educ. Res."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"507","article-title":"Mplus","volume-title":"Handbook of Item Response Theory","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2017"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"art42","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-10287-230342","article-title":"Exploring youth activism on climate change: Dutiful, disruptive, and dangerous dissent.","volume":"23","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01385-4","article-title":"Negative emotions about climate change are related to insomnia symptoms and mental health: Cross-sectional evidence from 25 countries.","volume":"42","author":"Ogunbode","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-014-0093-z","article-title":"The relation between burnout and sleep disorders in medical students.","volume":"38","author":"Pagnin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10755-023-09674-5","article-title":"Examining the relation between first-year university students\u2019 intention to drop-out and academic engagement: The role of motivation, subjective well-being and retrospective judgements of school experience.","volume":"48","author":"Passeggia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innov. High. Educ."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10149","DOI":"10.3390\/su122310149","article-title":"Eco-anxiety and environmental education.","volume":"12","author":"Pihkala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e877","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00234-6","article-title":"Climate distress, climate-sensitive risk factors, and mental health among Tanzanian youth: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"7","author":"Prencipe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441465","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1441465","article-title":"The association between intolerance of uncertainty and academic burnout among university students: The role of self-regulatory fatigue and self-compassion.","volume":"12","author":"Qiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01746-1","article-title":"The relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behavior in adolescents: The mediating role of future self-continuity and the moderating role of green self-efficacy.","volume":"12","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.4.734","article-title":"Autonomous, controlled, and amotivated types of academic motivation: A person-oriented analysis.","volume":"99","author":"Ratelle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e046333","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046333","article-title":"Health effects of climate change: An overview of systematic reviews.","volume":"11","author":"Rocque","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2019.1620675","article-title":"Alexithymia in young people\u2019s academic career: The mediating role of anxiety and resilience.","volume":"180","author":"Romano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Genet. Psychol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2174\/1874350102013010123","article-title":"Teacher emotional support scale on Italian high school students: A contribution to validation.","volume":"13","author":"Romano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Psychol. J."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1089\/eco.2023.0013","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 climate anxiety is related to participation in pro-environmental movements through social media usage: Boys show greater associations than girls.","volume":"16","author":"Romano","year":"","journal-title":"Ecopsychology"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2024.2316804","article-title":"Adolescents and young adults\u2019 participation in pro-environmental movements: A systematic review","volume":"185","author":"Romano","year":"","journal-title":"J. Genet. Psychol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1020","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions.","volume":"25","author":"Ryan","year":"","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066x.55.1.68","article-title":"Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.","volume":"55","author":"Ryan","year":"","journal-title":"Am. Psychol"},{"key":"B67","first-page":"6229","article-title":"Self-determination theory,","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research","author":"Ryan","year":"2024"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/15427609.2015.1068038","article-title":"Toward a new science of academic engagement.","volume":"12","author":"Salmela-Aro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burn.2017.11.001","article-title":"Study engagement and burnout profiles among finnish higher education students.","volume":"7","author":"Salmela-Aro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burn. Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12018","article-title":"School burnout and engagement in the context of demands-resources model.","volume":"84","author":"Salmela-Aro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/0470013400.ch19","article-title":"Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing","volume-title":"The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2002"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164405282471","article-title":"The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study.","volume":"66","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9495","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249495","article-title":"Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)-Development, Validity, and Reliability.","volume":"17","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617715068","article-title":"Determining power and sample size for simple and complex mediation models.","volume":"8","author":"Schoemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/00098655.2020.1867490","article-title":"Perceptions of student motivation and amotivation.","volume":"94","author":"Schwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clearing House J. Educ. Strategie, Issues Ideas"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1108\/17568691011089891","article-title":"Do concerns about climate change lead to distress?","volume":"2","author":"Searle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Clim. Chang. Strateg. Manag."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.10.004","article-title":"Existential threat as a challenge for individual and collective engagement: Climate change and the motivation to act.","volume":"42","author":"Stollberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783226","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.783226","article-title":"The ethical use of fit indices in structural equation modeling: Recommendations for psychologists.","volume":"12","author":"Stone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033898","article-title":"Schoolwork engagement and burnout among Finnish high school students and young adults: Profiles, progressions, and educational outcomes.","volume":"50","author":"Tuominen-Soini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164492052004025","article-title":"The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education.","volume":"52","author":"Vallerand","year":"1992","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102676","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JENVP.2025.102676","article-title":"From distress to action? \u2013 A three-wave longitudinal study of climate change distress, pro-environmental behavior, and coping strategies among finnish adolescents.","volume":"105","author":"Veijonaho","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/01650254231205251","article-title":"Profiles of climate change distress and climate denialism during adolescence: A two-cohort longitudinal study.","volume":"48","author":"Veijonaho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0001938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001938","article-title":"Psycho-social factors associated with climate distress, hope and behavioural intentions in young UK residents.","volume":"3","author":"Vercammen","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Glob. Public Health"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1015","article-title":"Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation.","volume":"25","author":"Wigfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e435","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30223-0","article-title":"Climate anxiety in young people: A call to action.","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4473\/TPM30.1.4","article-title":"Assessing motivation in university students: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the academic motivation scale-college (AMS-C).","volume":"30","author":"Zurlo","year":"2023","journal-title":"TPM"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1878132\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:50:45Z","timestamp":1787719845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1878132\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1878132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1878132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"article-number":"1878132"}}