{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:10:09Z","timestamp":1790680209474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Competitive sport is increasingly affected by environmental challenges. Athletes compete in performance-oriented systems that often constrain pro-environmental action. Navigating ecological sustainability-related cognition and affect may therefore impose additional mental load on athletes and require self-regulation, potentially competing with performance-relevant cognitive and emotional resources, consistent with resource-based models of self-control. However, little is known about how athletes experience ecological sustainability within their competitive sport and how they perceive its impact on performance. This qualitative study examined how competitive athletes cognitively and affectively engage with ecological sustainability and how these experiences are perceived in relation to their sporting performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine athletes from different sports and competitive levels. Data were analyzed using structured deductive qualitative content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes expressed strong pro-environmental attitudes but experienced a pronounced and recurring value-action gap driven by structural constraints such as competition schedules, travel demands, and sponsorship obligations. Ecological sustainability-related cognition and affect (e.g., guilt, frustration, sadness) were salient across sports but were actively regulated, suppressed, or compartmentalized in performance contexts to maintain focus and competitive readiness. While athletes rarely reported immediate performance impairments, sustainability-related concerns contributed to indirect performance-relevant strain through travel fatigue, disrupted preparation, and cumulative mental load affecting recovery and well-being. Engagement in sustainability initiatives emerged as a central coping strategy and was often experienced as empowering; sport itself served as an important coping context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, ecological sustainability functioned both as a psychological burden and a motivational resource in competitive sport. While athletes expressed strong motivation to engage with sustainability, their ability to act consistently with these values was often constrained by both the structures of competitive sport and individual decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1880290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1787286207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cI know it\u2019s not good, but you want to perform at 100%\u201d: cognitive-affective responses to ecological sustainability and performance in sport competitions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Kraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabea","family":"B\u00f6dding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Gottwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Zierke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Paruzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter W.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Wicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Losing Control: How and Why People Fail at Self-Regulation","author":"Baumeister","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x","article-title":"The strength model of self-control","volume":"16","author":"Baumeister","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2024.102517","article-title":"Worry\u2019s clout: concern, not positive affectivity, drives climate activism","volume":"101","author":"Bechtoldt","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Int Encycl Linguist Anthropol","author":"Bender","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12662-022-00819-w","article-title":"Climate change: the next game changer for sport and exercise psychology","volume":"54","author":"Bernard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ger. J. Exerc. Sport Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2014.06.004","article-title":"Natural resistance: exposure to nature and self-regulation, mood, and physiology after ego-depletion","volume":"40","author":"Beute","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0109-2","article-title":"Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Birrer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839908725599","article-title":"Overcoming the \u2018value-action gap\u2019 in environmental policy: tensions between national policy and local experience","volume":"4","author":"Blake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Local Environ."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139133","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1139133","article-title":"Emotional reactions to climate change: a comparison across France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom","volume":"14","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2024.102780","article-title":"Behind the mask: attentional focus and coping strategies of elite level fencers","volume":"76","author":"Bracco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/001316448104100307","article-title":"Coefficient kappa: some uses, misuses, and alternatives","volume":"41","author":"Brennan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2019.11.005","article-title":"Sleep and athletic performance: impacts on physical performance, mental performance, injury risk and recovery, and mental health","volume":"15","author":"Charest","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513277","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1513277","article-title":"Relationship between ruminative dispositions and perceived sports performance in young elite athletes in Hong Kong: the role of problem-oriented coping strategies","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102263","article-title":"Climate anxiety: psychological responses to climate change","volume":"74","author":"Clayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098864","article-title":"Mitigating risk of injury in alpine skiing in the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic winter games: the time is now!","volume":"52","author":"Derman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/1043463103154002","article-title":"Green and greenback: the behavioral effects of environmental attitudes in low-cost and high-cost situations","volume":"15","author":"Diekmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ration. Soc."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2011.10.004","article-title":"Investigating the effects of ego depletion on physical exercise routines of athletes","volume":"13","author":"Dorris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02176-z","article-title":"Using the theory of constructed emotion to inform the study of cognition-emotion interactions","volume":"30","author":"Dreisbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00314","article-title":"The strength model of self-control in sport and exercise psychology","volume":"7","author":"Englert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7352\/IJSP2015.46.137","article-title":"Ego depletion and persistent performance in a cycling task","volume":"46","author":"Englert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620766","volume-title":"A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance","author":"Festinger","year":"1957"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cresp.2025.100244","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating a positive effect of green exercise interventions on mental well-being","volume":"9","author":"Firnhaber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Res Ecol Soc Psychol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2025.102802","article-title":"The effect of the natural environment on cognition, mood and stress in adults: a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01216.x","article-title":"Current knowledge on playing football in hot environments","volume":"20","author":"Grantham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822393047","volume-title":"The Affect Theory Reader","author":"Gregg","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/17509840903322815","article-title":"Self-regulation and self-control in exercise: the strength-energy model","volume":"3","author":"Hagger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/mot0000389","article-title":"Discrete emotions of dissonance","volume":"11","author":"Harmon-Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Motiv. Sci."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206316668236","article-title":"A review of cognitive dissonance theory in management research: opportunities for further development","volume":"43","author":"Hinojosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manage."},{"key":"ref29","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Global warming of 1.5\u00b0C. An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5\u00b0C Above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse gas Emission Pathways, in the context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s12662-023-00899-2","article-title":"Connectedness and sustainable attitudes and behavior in athletes","volume":"54","author":"Jansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ger. J. Exerc. Sport Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/14742837.2017.1344546","article-title":"Fear, hope, anger, and guilt in climate activism","volume":"16","author":"Kleres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Mov. Stud."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.70794","article-title":"Firm-level corporate social responsibility and employees' affective outcomes: a multilevel approach","author":"Kraaij","year":"2026","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1017\/sus.2020.13","article-title":"Discourses of climate delay","volume":"3","author":"Lamb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Sustain."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2025.102913","article-title":"Attention distraction and traction by task-irrelevant emotion information in athletes: evidence from the sport emotional stroop task-English","volume":"80","author":"Lautenbach","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2015.10.001","article-title":"Predicting individual differences in the choice of strategy to compensate for attitude-behaviour inconsistencies in the environmental domain","volume":"44","author":"Lavergne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Stress, Appraisal, and Coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347561","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1347561","article-title":"Costs over benefits: mind wandering in sporting performance","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4683","DOI":"10.46932\/sfjdv5n11-038","article-title":"The influence of psychology on sports performance: emotional and cognitive factors","volume":"5","author":"Lopes","year":"2024","journal-title":"S. Fla. J. Dev."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cresp.2023.100110","article-title":"Eco-anxiety in daily life: relationships with well-being and pro-environmental behavior","volume":"4","author":"Lutz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Res Ecol Soc Psychol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/23750472.2023.2166574","article-title":"Climate impacts in sport: extreme heat as a climate hazard and adaptation options","volume":"30","author":"Mallen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Manag. Sport Leis."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.29.4.457","article-title":"Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Mann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Qualitative Content Analysis. A Step-by-Step Guide","author":"Mayring","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265783","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1265783","article-title":"Coping strategies for handling stress and providing mental health in elite athletes: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Nuetzel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919899220","article-title":"Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: debates and practical guidelines","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smr.2018.09.007","article-title":"Sport versus climate: introducing the climate vulnerability of sport organizations framework","volume":"22","author":"Orr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sport Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e760","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.760","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on organized sport: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Orr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/23750472.2022.2159501","article-title":"(Re)scheduling as a climate mitigation and adaptation strategy","volume":"30","author":"Orr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Manag. Sport Leis."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JOEPP-04-2026-0374","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and pro-environmental behavior at work: examining organizational, leadership, and group domain variables","author":"Paruzel","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Organ. Eff. People Perform."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801856-9.00004-9","volume-title":"Emotions, Technology, Design, and Learning","author":"P\u0103tru\u0163","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref51","year":""},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714","article-title":"A circumplex model of affect","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s12662-021-00786-8","article-title":"Sport and climate change \u2013 how will climate change affect sport?","volume":"54","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ger. J. Exerc. Sport Res."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01135-0","article-title":"An unbeatable opponent? Coaches' perspectives on the impact of climate change in outdoor sports","volume":"17","author":"Schneider","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1024\/2674-0052\/a000106","article-title":"Promoting mental health for optimal performance in sports","volume":"4","author":"Schorb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2026.102939","article-title":"From anxiety to hope: do climate change-related emotions influence actual environmental behaviour?","volume":"110","author":"Schwarz","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2018.1436161","article-title":"The changing geography of the winter Olympic and Paralympic games in a warmer world","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2025.102556","article-title":"The natural world around me; a qualitative exploration of young people's relationship to nature and how it relates to their wellbeing and feelings of pro-environmental behaviour","volume":"103","author":"Shrestha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.70747","article-title":"Climate action delay discourses in the sports sector: insights from interviews with athletes and staff","author":"Stegmann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sustain Devol."},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"What we Think About When We Try Not to Think About Global warming","author":"Stoknes","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12061","article-title":"Compartmentalization: a window on the defensive self","volume":"7","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"9","article-title":"Environmental sustainability in sport: current state and future trends","volume":"3","author":"Trendafilova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. J. Adv. Pure Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref63","year":""},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2024.102311","article-title":"Betwixt and between: a systematic review on the role of ambivalence in environmental behaviours","volume":"97","author":"van Gent","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/10126902251342328","article-title":"Playing with dual purposes: a study of professional football players engagement in environmental advocacy and activism","volume":"61","author":"W\u00e5gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sociol. Sport"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2013-0257","article-title":"Emotion regulation and sport performance","volume":"36","author":"Wagstaff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14925","article-title":"The impacts of sport emissions on climate: measurement, mitigation, and making a difference","volume":"1519","author":"Wilby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref68","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2021.101683","article-title":"Avoidance, rationalization, and denial: defensive self-protection in the face of climate change negatively predicts pro-environmental behavior","volume":"77","author":"Wullenkord","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1995457","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1880290\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:53:59Z","timestamp":1790679239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1880290\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1880290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1880290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"article-number":"1880290"}}