{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:55:09Z","timestamp":1791179709763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025CXPT107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CXPT107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multidimensional measure of music-listening functions is needed in the Chinese context. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Adaptive Functions of Music Listening Scale (AFML) among Chinese university students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2,829 university students were recruited from Weifang Institute of Technology in Shandong, China. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance testing, reliability analysis, and criterion validity analysis were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CFAs supported the original 11-factor structure of the AFML. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that this structure was invariant across gender and musical training experience. The subscales demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency. Regression analyses further showed that several adaptive AFML dimensions were associated with better well-being, whereas rumination showed a consistent maladaptive pattern across affective and social indicators. In addition, identity was associated with higher positive affect and life satisfaction, but also with higher negative affect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Chinese version of the AFML demonstrated good reliability and validity, supporting its use for assessing the adaptive functions of music listening among Chinese university students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1881426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:32:08Z","timestamp":1791178328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Chinese version of the adaptive functions of music listening scale among Chinese university students"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linqin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"2413","article-title":"Developing reliable and valid psychological tests: a comprehensive framework for modern assessment practice","volume":"32","author":"Ansari","year":"2025","journal-title":"TPM Test. 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