{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1789653835863,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a quantitative research model has been adopted and the possible relationships among shared leadership, perceived self-regulation, free choice, and self-efficacy have been examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snowball sampling surveyed 283 public and private white-collar workers online. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) tested the model in question. Our measurement approach has strong internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity for all variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the structural model, perceived self-regulation substantially predicts self-efficacy. While shared leadership does not have a direct significant effect on self-efficacy, it has a significant and positive effect on perceived self-regulation, and self-regulation significantly increases self-efficacy. These findings reveal that perceived self-regulation plays a full mediating role in the relationship between shared leadership and self-efficacy. In contrast, the free will variable has no significant direct or indirect effect within the model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results confirmed our assumption regarding the positive impact of shared leadership on employees' self-efficacy perceptions, which occurs largely through self-regulation mechanisms. In this context, the study contributes to the organizational behavior and leadership literature, while also suggesting to practitioners that they should focus on leadership approaches that support self-regulation processes to increase employees' self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1884373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:21:56Z","timestamp":1789651316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The psychology of leading together: free will beliefs, self-regulation, and self-efficacy in shared leadership"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hakki Anil","family":"Yalva\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Baykal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Azerbaijan State University of Economics","place":["Baku, Azerbaijan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Da\u015fyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suleyman Demirel Universitesi","place":["Isparta, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ercan","family":"\u00c7akir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476709","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1476709","article-title":"Enhancing organizational commitment through shared leadership: insights from Saudi higher education","volume":"9","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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